Wilson Elser
Product Liability 产品责任
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Product Liability 产品责任
• • • • • • Liability without regard to negligence 无需过失 Liability without regard to privity 无需合同关系 All parties in the chain of distribution 只要是产销流程中的一方
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
• TCO malfunction • Inadequate ventilation
马达失灵
保险装置失灵 通风不足
• Inadequate materials ( fire resistance) 原材料 耐火性差
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
– Risk / Utility Test – 危险与实用价值的比较 – Reasonable Alternative Design – 有无其他合理的设计方案
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Product Liability Case Study 产品责任案例分析
• How much damages can be demanded in Complaint? 在诉讼状中赔偿额有无限制？
– Depends on State Law 取决于各州法律 – Some states have no limits 有些州无任何限制
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
– Subject to jurisdiction 受管辖权支配 – Enforcement of judgments 接受判决的执行
Wilsop; Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
FAQ’s 常见的问题
• What is mediation? 什么是调解？
– Settlement meeting with a middle man 由中间人出面和解来解决争端的方式 – Different from Arbitration 与仲裁的不同之处
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
FAQ’s
• Did not alter product • Pass-through seller • Sealed Package 无更改产品 只是销售而已 原封包装
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Key Points
• U.S. Subsidiaries 在美国的子公司
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Restatement (3rd) of Torts：Products Liability 侵权法律重述第三版：产品责任
• What is a defect? 缺陷的三要素
– Consumer Expectation Test – 用户期待
Wilson Elser
FAQ’s
• Can you bring other parties into the lawsuit? 能否告其他人？
– Third-Party Action 第三者的诉讼
• Contribution • Indemnity 责任分担 追偿
– Jurisdiction and Choice of Law Issues 管辖地及法律选择
纽约原告
中国电扇制造者 韩国马达制造者 日本保险装置制造者 中国贸易公司
Plaintiff in New York
Chinese Electric Fan Maker Korean Motor Maker Japanese Thermal Cut Off Maker China Trading Company
Wilson Elser
Key Points 要点
• Jurisdiction in the U.S. Courts 法院管辖权
– U.S. Courts aggressively exercise jurisdiction
美国法院尽力行使管辖权
– stream of commerce 商业流程 – foreseeable that products reach the forum
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Product Liability
• Is there a defect? 有无缺陷？
• Design 设计 • Manufacture 制造 • Warnings 警告
• • • • Did the defect cause an injury? 是否造成伤害的直接原因？ Damages? 有无造成损失？
U.S. Trading Company
New York Local Retailer
美国贸易公司
纽约零售商
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Defect Allegations 原告提出的缺陷
• Motor malfunction
产品流入诉讼地的可见性
Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP
Wilson Elser
Key Points
• Tender of Defense 要求辩护
– Retailers can recovery from end product manufacturer 零售商可向产品制造商索赔