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(完整版)高考英语非谓语动词知识点

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种: 1.动词不定式:to do表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词) : doing表示主动和进行 3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have been doneing 形式主动doing having done被动being done having been done过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。

方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。

2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。

方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

3、判断主被动关系。

方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。

4、判断时间关系。

方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。

之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。

一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1). 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。

动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。

如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk2). 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth. There is no point(in)doing sth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。

如:My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do.(主,表语要用同一种形式)2)、分词作表语:记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。

现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。

常用动词:surprise (使某人吃惊),surprising (令人吃惊),surprised (主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite (激动),astonish (惊奇),shock (震惊),scare (惊恐),disappoint (失望),move(感动)如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.3)、在seem / appear (似乎,好像),prove/ turn out (被证明是),remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。

如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词:口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。

主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。

decied(determine), learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse,manage,care,pretend; offer,promise,choose,plan; agree,ask/beg,help.2、只能接动名词的动词:口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。

避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。

禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit,delay, put off, fancy(想象,设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise; den y, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/peremit, escape3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词:remember to do记得去做remember doing记得做过; forget to do忘记去做forget doing忘记做过regret to do遗憾去做regret doing 后悔做过try to do设法去做try doing试着做,go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事mean to do打算做mean doing意味着做stop to do停下来去做stop doing停止做cant help (to) do 不能帮助做can’t help doing 忍不住做如:In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting4.表示未实现的愿望的动词,即表示本打算,想做,但事实上没做。

这些动词plan, intend, mean, want, hope, wish, expect , 用had planned to do sth. / planned to have done来表示。

注:Would like / love 只用would like to have done如:I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish the report.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone5、要接动名词的几个句型:prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做) how about / what about doing spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱have some difficulty / trouble / problems( in )doing在做…有困难have a hard / good time in doing 做…很艰难或做…很愉快6、含介词to 的短语:look forward to 盼望,devote…to 致力于、献身于,be / get used to 习惯于lead to 导致,get down to 着手做,pay attention to 注意refer to 谈到、所指、参考,equal to 等于、能胜任,belong to 属于如: Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some school for poor children.A.set upB.setting upC.have set upD. having set up7.动词不定式but,other than后面时,如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to;否则带to(即前有do后无to)如:have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择,只好做…Eg,Sandy could do nothing but ____ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit另外,can’t choose/help but(只好); can’t but(只好); had better; would rather后面的不定式也省to Eg, He can’t choose but stay on. 他没办法只好待下去8.permit / allow (允许),forbid (禁止),advise (建议),有两种用法:一是后接动名词,二是后接“sb. + to do sth”9、need, want, require“需要”,主语是物时,need, want, require+doing(用动词ing 主动形式表被动)/ to be don e / sb to be donebe worth(值得) +名词/doing be worthy+to be done/of being doneeg.①The window needs/wants/requires to be cleaned/cleaning. 窗户需要擦一下。

②The place is worth visiting. =The place is worthy+ to be visited/of being visited.三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较1、不定式作宾语补足语,如:ask sb to do sth (sb作宾语,to do sth作宾补,宾语+宾补=复合宾语) 类似动词有:tell, want, encourage, advise, order, require, force, beg, cause, allow, permit, forbid(禁止), warn(警告), remind, teach, call on (号召),depend on (指望),would like / love (想要),prefer, wish, expect, hope(不带复合宾语)注:help sb (to) do sth.2、(1)使役动词后接不带to的不定式:let / make / have sb do sth. 但使役动词的被动语态常用:be made to do sth.注:get sb to do sth. 译成“让某人做…(主动句中to不省略)Eg,Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.A. cry, to cryB. crying, cryingC. cry, cryD. to cry, cry(2)have句型:have sb do sth使/让/叫某人干某事have sb/ sth doing使某人某物持续的做某事, have sth done 表示两种意义:A.请别人做,而不是主语做; B.意外事故引起的,“使遭受…..”如:He didn’t keep on asking me the time any longer as he had had his watch ______.A. to repairB. repairedC. repairingD. repair如:Tom had his leg broken while playing football. 汤姆在踢足球时,伤了腿。

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