提优班培训语法专题----定语从句一．定语从句的理解：1. 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red2. 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。

I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句)→I know the girl who is in red. （定语从句）3. 被修饰的词the girl是先行词。

其中连接两个句子的词who是关系词。

关系词who在从句中指代先行词the girl，并在从句中充当一定的成分，在从句中充当主语。

注意：关系词与先行词的关系：关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。

定语从句中常用的关系词有：关系代词that / who / whom (先行词表示人) that / which (先行词表示物)whose (先行词表示人或物)关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；可以和介词连用的关系代词：whom, which （on which, with whom, for which…）关系副词when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)关系副词在从句中充当状语。

二．关系词：1．由that引导的定语从句一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who/whom/which，whom和which，但不能置于介词之后。

如：正在会上讲话的那个人是个先进工人。

The man that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。

The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句who在从句中作主语，有时也可以代替whom做宾语；whom在从句中作宾语；whose在从句中作定语。

如：这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。

This is the thief who stole my bike．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。

He is the boy whom you wanted to find．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。

The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．3．由which引导的定语从句which指物，在从句中作主语或作谓语动词的宾语。

如：妈妈上周买给我的那本书很好。

The book which Mum bought me last week is very good．这个去年建的房子属于他们。

The house which was built last year belongs to them.4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。

如：我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。

I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I joined the League．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。

He will go back to the school where (in which ) he studied next week．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。

I don't know the reason why (for which) he quarreled with Zhang Lin．三．注意点：（1）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。

如：我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。

The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.（2）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

如：这是我们去年居住的房子。

This is the house (that/ which) we lived in last year.= This is the house in which we lived last year.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

Please tell me the person (who/ whom) you borrowed the English novel from.= Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.（3）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。

如：在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？What’s that which is under the desk？b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。

如：这是他居住的房间。

This is the room in which he lives.c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。

如：你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了。

The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。

Tom came back, which made us happy.他把秘密告诉了其他人，这惹怒了我们。

He told the secret to others, which annoyed us.（4）关系词只能用who, 而不用that 的情况。

a. 当先行词是泛指代词he，they，people或指示代词those等时，常用who。

如：不工作的人是没有报酬的。

He who does no work gets no pay.我们需要那些努力工作的人。

We are in need of those who can work hard.b. 不定代词one，ones，anyone等作先行词时，多用who。

如：那些工作没有抱怨的人在这受欢迎。

One who works without complaint is welcome here．c. 在非限制性定语从句中，一般要用 who/which，不用that。

如：那个来自法国的人最终帮助了我们。

The man, who comes from France, helped us at last.（5）关系词只能用that, 不用who或which的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。

如：他是第一个通过考试的人。

He was the first person that passed the exam.这是我读过的最好的书。

This is the best book that I have ever read.b. 被修饰的先行词为all, few, little, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。

如：你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？c. 先行词被all, every, the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few, any, no 等词修饰时，只能用that, 而不用which。

如：这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

This is the same bike that I lost.d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。

如：我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。

如：正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？Who is the girl that is crying？（6）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

如：正在踢足球的男孩子是一班的。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.（7）注意定语从句中，先行词与关系代词可合成what 的用法：如：Please tell me what you said just now. = Please tell me the words that you said just now.He showed me what he had written. = He showed me the things that he had written.可以看到部分定语从句中，先行词+关系词可以换作what。

定语从句专练( A )1. The place _______ inte rested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which( C )2. Do you know the man _______?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke( D )3. This is the hotel _______ last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed( C )4. Do you know the year _______ the Chinese Communist Party was founded(建立)?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. /( A )5. That is the day _______ I’ll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when( C )6. The factory _______ we’ll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which( A )7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______ we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there( A )8. This is one of the best films _______.A. that have been shown this yearB. that has shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked( A )9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked ( A )10. The pen ______ he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. whichC. thatD. by which( C )11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______ sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that( D )12. The engineer ______ my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whoB. whomC. whoD. with whom( D )13. It there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country?A. whoB. who’sC. whichD. whose( A )14. I’m interested in ______ you have said.A. all thatB. all whatC. thatD. which( D )15. The dinner was the most expensive meal we _______.A. would haveB. have hadC. had never hadD. had ever had( B )16. I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who isB. who amC. that isD. what is( B )17. He is good at English, ______ we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what( B )18. Li Ming, ______ to the concert, enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him( C )19. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. /( B )20. He talked a lot about things and persons _______ they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what( D )21. The letter is from my sister, _______ is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who( C )22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _______are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who( D )23. You’re the only one ______ could do it.A. /B. whomC. thatD. who( A )24. I lost a book, ______ I can’t remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of that( A )25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what( A )26. The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.A. we stayed atB. where we stayed atC. we stayedD. in that we stayed( A )27. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day _______ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when( D )28. They were interested _______ you told them.A. in whichB. in thatC. all thatD. in everything( A )29. May the fourth is the day _______ we Chinese people will never forget.A. whichB. whenC. on whichD. about which( A )30. It was in 1969 _______ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. (强调句)A. thatB. whichC. whenD. in which( A )31. The reason ______ he didn’t come was ______ he was ill.A. why; thatB. that; whyC. for that; thatD. for which; what( C )32. It’s the third time _______ late this month.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrivedC. that you’ve arrivedD. when you’ve arrived( C )33. The train ______ she was travelling was late.A. whichB. whereC. on whichD. in that( C )34. ---How do you like the book? --- It’s q uite different from _______ I read last month.A. thatB. whichC. the oneD. the one what( B )35. Is there anything _______ to you?A. that is belongedB. that belongsC. that belongD. which belongs( D )36. Those _______ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn( A )37. The girl _______ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.A. who is singingB. is singingC. sangD. was singing( D )38. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist _______ were in the concert we attended last night.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that( B )39. Is this the factory _______ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one( A )40. Is this the factory _______ you visited the other day?A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. the one( A )41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A. what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that( D )42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. when( C )43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A. owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are( D )44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followedB. followingC. to followD. that followed( A )45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?A. thatB. /C. whichD. it( B )46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _______ was going on inside house.A. which; whatB. through which; whatC. through that; whatD. what; that( B )47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?A. this schoolB. this the schoolC. this school oneD. this school where( C )48. I’ll tell you _______ he told me last week.A. all whichB. thatC. all thatD. which( A )49. The wolves hid th emselves in the places _______ couldn’t be found.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. in that( B )50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.A. are beingB. has beenC. had beenD. have been。