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最新常见肾上腺肿瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断
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病 例
1
平扫,肿瘤呈类圆形,不均匀低 密度,有明显包膜
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增强扫描动脉期,肿瘤呈明显结节状,显著强化
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Mean age of Pheochromocytomas is 30 to 50 years old, there’s no great difference in the sex of patients. 1、Pheochromocytomas are sometimes called the 10% tumor. Because they are associated with a 10% risk of malignancy, 10% of the tumors are bilateral, 10% are hormonally inactive and 10% are extra-adrenal.
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动脉期肿瘤明显强化,可见肿瘤供血血管(箭)。
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静脉期强化稍下降,可见斑点状低密度坏死未强化区(白 箭)和肿瘤内血管影(黑箭)。
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增强扫描延迟期,肿瘤呈向心性强化,强化区 密度高于背部肌肉组织
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病 例 2
左侧肾上腺可见一软组织块影,密度均匀,边界清晰, 其内可见斑点状低密度血管影(箭),CT值约25 HU,胰 腺尾部前移。
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神经母细胞瘤(Adrenal Neuroblastoma)
儿童腹膜后最常见的实体性恶性肿瘤之一,多在5岁内发病,肾上腺为其主要 发病部位。临床症状不典型,常以“腹部包块”就诊。85%-90%患儿尿中VMA↑
3、Usually, tumors are larger than 3 cm when seen. They are highly vascular, and larger tumors are prone to hemorrhage and necrosis, even when they are benign.
常见肾上腺肿瘤的CT诊断与鉴 别诊断
球状带:盐皮质激素(醛固酮)
{ 肾上腺皮质从外向里分为 束状带:糖皮质激素(皮质醇)
网状带:性激素(脱氢雄酮、雌二醇)
肾上腺素:心跳加快,收缩加强
肾上腺髓质主要分泌{
去甲肾上腺素:小动脉平滑肌收缩
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肾上腺皮质腺瘤(Adrenocortical Adenoma )
/ ﹛ 功能性
醛固醇增多症腺瘤:①高血压;②阵发性手足搐搦及肌肉痉挛 ﹙Cushing腺瘤﹚ 皮质醇增多症腺瘤:①向心性肥胖;②高血压;③紫纹;④多
转移
瘤周组织多成推移表 常包埋后腹膜血管,腹
现,腹膜后淋巴结转 膜后淋巴结转移常见
移少见
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肾 母 细 胞 瘤
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肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(Pheochromocytomas )
正常肾上腺CT表现
1、位置:位于两侧肾脏上方,约T11、T12椎体水平。 2、形态:多为倒V形或倒Y形。 3、大小:正常侧枝厚度<10mm(不超过同层膈肌脚)
面积<150mm2。
4、密度:均匀软组织密度,30-50HU,不能分辨皮髓 质。
5、增强:均匀强化,仍不能分辨皮髓质。
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CT:平扫为不规则较大肿块,呈侵润性生长,多见斑片样钙化,钙化程度不 同,肿块可见坏死,囊变,出血,常跨越中线向对侧延伸,包绕后腹膜 血管,也可突入胸腔,增强后实质部分不均匀强化。肾脏常被压迫向后 外侧移位。
如实验室检查有尿3-甲氧-4羟杏仁酸(VMA)升高 ,CT征象具有上述任何 一种典型表现就可以考虑肾上腺神经母细胞瘤。
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Contents
1、神经母细胞瘤 2、嗜铬细胞瘤 3、转移瘤 4、皮质腺瘤 5、皮质腺癌 6、髓样脂肪瘤
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2、Pheochromocytomas are paragangliomas arising from the adrenal medulla. They are hormonally active in 90% of cases. Morphologic findings on CT include large variation in size, homogeneity, and margination of the tumors and significant enhancement in most cases.
常需与肾母细胞瘤鉴别
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肾母细胞瘤
神经母细胞瘤
生长方式 膨胀性生长,完整假 生长迅速,多无完整包
包膜,较少分叶
膜,分叶常见
平扫
密度明显低于肾实质, 钙化多见,囊变少
囊变多见,极少钙化
增强
血供不丰富,不明显 较明显强化
强化
与肾脏关系 与残肾交界面锐利 交界面模糊,境界不清