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科技英语翻译1—4

Types of Sustainability
The four types of sustainability include human, economic, social, and environmental. All four are required to maintain the entirety of life on Earth. Although interconnected, it is important to note the differences of each in terms of its nature and requirements.
Types of Sustainability / Human
The very basic need of human sustainability is good reproductive health and safe childbearing. Those that reproduce have the responsibility of caring for their children, giving them access to proper education, and promoting their health and wellness. At some point, the children should have enough skills and knowledge such that they can sustain their own way of life. It is at that point that they become considered as productive human capital as well as individuals that can go through the process of reproduction and rearing. As long as this process is maintained at a rate that all human systems can support, human sustainability should be no cause for concern.
Types of Sustainability / Economic
In simple terms, economic sustainability is having a set amount of capital for a certain period. Those who consume that capital must also conserve it so that they will continue to enjoy it towards the end of the specified period. This means that we must preserve all our resources as we consume them so that human beings in the future can enjoy them as well. To achieve this, we must regenerate our resources at a rate that is equal to or faster than our consumption.
Types of Sustainability / Social
Social capital is an important aspect of sustainability because it is through communities and civil societies that humankind can easily and inexpensively work together. Without proper levels of social capital, it can easily deplete and violence as well as mistrust can take over. When that happens, societies and everything else that depends on them will be destroyed. Through proper maintenance of and adherence to laws, rules, and values that societies have developed for the common good, social sustainability can be achieved.
Types of Sustainability / Environmental
Environmental sustainability is important because it involves natural resources that human beings need for economic or manufactured capital. Materials taken from nature are used for solutions that address human needs. If nature is depleted faster than it can regenerate, human beings will be left without raw materials.
Furthermore, environmental sustainability also involves ensuring that waste emissions are at volumes that nature can handle. If not, all humans and other living things on Earth can be harmed to the point of extinction.
可持续性分类
四种可持续性包括人类可持续性,经济可持续性,社会可持续性和环境可持续性。

这四种可持续性都应维持地球上生命的完整性。

尽管他们相互联系,但观注他们在性质上的细节差异和要求仍是很重要的。

人类可持续性
人类可持续性的基本要求是良好的生殖健康和安全分娩。

人类有责任
照顾好他们的孩子,让他们获得良好的教育,促进他们的健康和发展。

在一定意义上(在那时?),孩子(子孙)应该有足够的技能和知识以至于能够维持他们自己的生活。

在这点上(在那时?)他们是生产所需要的人力资本(源),也是进行再生产、繁衍后代的个体。

只要这一过程以全人类系统能够支持的速度进行,人类可持续性就大可不必担心。

经济可持续性
简单看来,经济可持续性在特定时期有固定资本。

消费资本的个体必须节约一部分资本以便在确定时期结束时仍能享有它。

那意味着我们在消费资源时必须加以保留以便未来的人类也能享有它们。

(这就意味着我们必须在消费资源时保护我们所有的资源,这样人类才能实现后续消费。

)为实现这一目的,我们必须使资源的再生速度等于或超过我们消费资源的速度。

社会可持续性
社会资本是社会可持续性的一个重要方面,这是因为社会资本通过社区或公民社会使人类能够容易且代价较小的一起工作。

没有适当水平的社会资本,资本很容易耗尽,暴力和不信任也会随之发生。

当这种情况发生时,社会和其他取决于社会的一切事物都会遭到破坏。

通过适当地维护、坚持社会为实现共同利益而形成的法律,规范和价值观,社会可持续性才能够实现。

环境可持续性
环境可持续性很重要,(因为它涉及到自然资源,人类需要其为经济
或生产资本服务。

)因为它涉及人类经济发展和制造资本所需的自然资源。

生产材料取自于自然,人类需要其解决生产问题。

如果自然地消耗速度超过其可再生速度,人类将没有原材料。

此外,环境可持续性还包括确保废弃物的排放量在自然能够调节地范围内。

否则,地球上的所有人类和其他生物将濒临灭绝。

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