Lecture Twelve
修辞格与翻译
Translation of Figures of Speech
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❖ 胡曙中，《英语修辞学》，上海外语教育出版社 ❖ 范家材，《英语修辞赏析》，上海……
❖I came, I saw, I conquered!
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❖My love
is like
a red red rose.
❖ tenor comparative word vehicle
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❖O my luve is like a red, red rose
❖ That’s newly sprung in June;
❖O my luve is like the melodie,
❖But love from love, towards school with
heavy looks.
(William Shakespeare)
❖赴恋人的约会，像学童抛开书本；
❖和恋人分别，像学童板着脸上学。
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❖As firm as a rock
坚如磐石
❖As light as a feather 轻如鸿毛
❖Simile 一词源于拉丁语 similis, 其意为like （像）。
❖ 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点， 借助比喻词（如as, like 等）起连接作用，说明事 物甲在某方面像事物乙。
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❖Simile 通常由三部分构成，即本体(tenor)、喻体 (vehicle/reference)和比喻词（comparative word）。
❖ 婚姻像是一个被包围的城堡：外边的想要进去，里边的想 要出来。
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❖(2) as
❖As the lion is king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds.
❖鹰是鸟中之王，犹如狮是兽中之王。
❖Love goes towards love, as schoolboys from their books;
❖ That’s sweetly play’d in tune.
❖
(Robert Burns)
❖ 啊，我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰
❖ 六月里迎风初开
❖ 啊，我的爱人像一曲甜蜜的歌
❖ 弹唱得合拍又柔和。
❖
（王佐良译）
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Simile （明喻）的表现形式：
❖(1) like
❖ Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. (John Ruskin)
❖ 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。
❖ He was like a cat on hot bricks before his driving test.
❖ 在驾照考试之前，他紧张得像热锅上的蚂蚁。
❖ Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress: those who are without want to get in, and those within want to get out. (P. M. Quitard)
❖As close as an oyster 守口如瓶
❖As sure as a gun
千真万确
❖As cool as a cucumber 泰然自若
❖As mute as a fish
噤若寒蝉
❖As blue as the great sea
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❖(3) as if; as though
❖The first time I read an excellent book, it is to me as if I had gained a new friend.
❖ 我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说好像交了一位 新朋友。
❖My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs.
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❖Rhetoric 修辞学
❖Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that
aims to improve the capability of writers or speakers that attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific
situations.
❖1. Phonetic 语音
❖2. Lexical 词汇
❖3. Syntactic 句法
❖
❖
Aristotle
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❖ 英语主要修辞格： ❖ 1. 明喻（simile） ❖ 2. 暗喻（metaphor） ❖ 3. 借代 / 转喻（metonymy） ❖ 4. 拟人（personification） ❖ 5. 仿拟 （parody） ❖ 6. 夸张 （hyperbole） ❖ 7. 委婉 / 讳饰 （euphemism） ❖ 8. 拟声 （Onomatopoeia) ❖ 9. 双关 (Pun) ❖ 10. 层进 (Climax)
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1. Simile （明喻）
❖A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
❖ 我的笔迹看起来就好像一群蚂蚁从墨水瓶里逃出 来，没把脚抹干净就在纸上行走似的。
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❖(4) what
❖ A) A is to B what C is to D. ❖ B) What C is to D, A is to B. ❖ The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter. ❖ 作家的笔犹如战士的枪。 ❖ Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. ❖ 阅读之于思想，如同锻炼之于身体。 ❖ The man who cannot be trusted is to society what a bit