高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题十三：虚拟语气与情态动词情态动词和虚拟语气是高考重要考点，《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中列出了虚拟语气以及情态动词。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第79题（短文改错）考查了情态动词must后面接动词原形。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查情态动词与虚拟语气。

知识框架一. 含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)例如:①If I were you, I would apply for the job.②If I had the money, I would buy it.③If I were given another chance，I would do it better.④If I had taken your advice, I would have made great progress.⑤If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work so easily.⑥If it should rain tomorrow,I would stay at home all day.⑦If you were to come tomorrow,I could wait for you at home.注意：在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if，而将谓语中的were，had或should 等移至主语之前构成倒装句。

例如：①Were I you, I would apply for the job.②Had I taken your advice, I would have made great progress.③Should it rain tomorrow,I would stay at home all day.二、错综时间的条件句虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致，这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。

例如：①If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. （从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）②If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. （从句说明过去，主句说明将来。

）③If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. （从句说明现在，主句说明将来）三、含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。

含蓄条件句有三种情况：1．条件暗含在单词短语中：常见介词有with假如有, without假如没有, but for要不是因为；连词有or/ otherwise（前句用陈述语气，后句用虚拟）；but（前句为虚拟，后句陈述）例如：①He would not get such a result without your help. (条件暗含在介词短语without your help= if you hadn’t helped him中)②But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. (条件暗含在But for you= If you hadn’t helped me中)③He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.(暗含条件是连词or；后句为虚拟)④I would have been to your place, but I was really too busy.=I was really too busy, or/ otherwise I would have been to your place.⑤She was ill, otherwise she would have been present at the meeting. （条件通过连词otherwise/ or表示出来If she had not been ill...）2．条件可根据上下文推理出①They could have won.(条件可能是if they had been patient )②Such mistakes could have been avoided.（条件可能是if you had been more careful ）③Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you.（条件可能是if you had told me about it）④-- Did you go to see him yesterday?-- I would have, but someone come to visit me.（条件是if no one had come to visit me）3．条件用其他形式来表示①Suppose you were in my shoes, what would you do? （用suppose/ supposing/ providing等词表示if）②To talk with her, you would know she could not hear well.（不定式有假设的意思，相当于If you should talk with her...）③Left to himself, he could not have finished the work.（动词的-ed形式表示条件If he had been left to himself...）二. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中sb. did（were）…（表现在）1. wish+that sb. had done… （表过去）sb. would/could do…（表将来）例如：①I wish I knew his address.②I wish he hadn’t been rude to his parents.③He wishes we would go with him.例如：①I’d rather you posted the letter right away. (现在)②I’d rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you.（过去）③I'd rather you came here for the answer tomorrow .（将来）3. 表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should＋do，should可省略(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。

这类词有：insist，suggest，advise，recommend，propose，decide，determine，demand，request，require，desire，order，command等。

例如：①The expert proposed that TV should be turned off at least one hour every day.②Experiments demand that accurate measurements be made.③She insisted that we should take up the matter at the meeting.注意：1. suggest 表示“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气。

2. insist 表示“坚持说、坚持认为（某个事实）”时，用陈述语气。

例如：①Your pale face suggests that you are ill.②He insisted that he hadn’t stolen the money.三. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should do，should 可省略。

例如：①It is required that the students should not use mobile phones in their school.②It’s necessary that college students should master at least one foreign language.四．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。

表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋do，should可以省略(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)。

这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation等。

例如：①He gave orders that the work (should) be started at once.②We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should ) be put off．五．虚拟语气用在表语从句中。

表示“坚持、建议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等主观意向的的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋do，should可省略(注意：被动语态用should+be+done)这类名词主要有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal,demand,desire, request, requirement, recommendation等。

例如：①My suggestion is that the mayor (should) present the prizes.②His plan is that he should pass the exam first.六．虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is（about/high）time＋that sb.did sth/should do sth. （注意：本句型中should不可省略）例如：①It's about time that we went home.②It’s high time that we should go home.注：在It/This/That +be+ the first time／second time that．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用完成时态。