高中英语语法复习系列讲义——非谓语动词一、复习要点1.掌握非谓语动词的三种基本形式、各种形式在句中能充当的成分及不同形式间的辨析2.掌握常见搭配二、知识点梳理1．非谓语动词作宾语We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.(3)下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。
forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事；forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事remember to do sth. 记得要做某事；remember doing sth. 记得做了某事regret to do sth. 很遗憾要做某事；regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事try to do sth. 尽全力做某事；try doing sth. 试着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事；mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(4)在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
allow/permit/for bid/advise doing/ sb. to do Smoking is forbid den here so we don’t allow you to smoke.We don’t allow smoking here.(5)动词need, require, want 作“需要”,deserve作“应受,应得”解时,其后用动名词的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。
need/require/want doing = need/require/want to be doneThe car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired.(6)be worth doing表示被动意思，而be worth to be done是错误结构！The book is worth reading. = The book is worth a read.2.非谓语动词作定语(1) 不定式作定语的几种情况a. 不定式表将来。
The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式作定语,常见的有:promise, plan,attempt, offer, decision, failureI don’t trust his prom ise to come for a visit. (比较:He promised to come for a visit.)He said he had no plans to go there. (比较:He didn’t plan to go there.)He made an attempt to stand up. (比较:He attempted to stand up.)(2) 分词作定语a. 作定语的及物动词的分词形式为: doing, being done和done。
当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为主动关系时,用doing;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being done;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系且表完成时,用done。
注意：having done和having been done的形式不能作定语！The houses being built are for the teachers.“Things lost neve r come again!” I couldn’t hel p talking to myself.b. 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为: doing和done。
doing表示正在进行;done表示已经完成。
boiled water 白开水；boiling water 正在沸腾的水falling leaves 正在下落的叶子；fallen leaves 落叶developing countries 发展中国家；developed countries 发达国家c. 英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人……的”, 过去分词形式表示“感到……的”。
an exciting news 一个令人兴奋的消息；an excited person 一个激动的人注意点：to be done, done和being done作定语的区别:to be done 表被动、将来;done 表被动、完成;being done 表被动、正在进行。
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is very important.练习：1)There are still many problems _______ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on theMoon.2)Prices of daily goods _______ (buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices.3. 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词)作主语a. 不定式、动名词都可作主语, 但动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作主语多表示具体的动作, 尤其是某一次的动作。
b. 下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
1) It is no good/use doing sth.2) It is of little good/use doing sth.3) It is worth doing sth.（注意：无被动）c. 下列句型中常用不定式作主语。
1) It is+名词+to do sth. It’s our d uty to keep the campus clean.2) It takes sb. some time to do sth.3) It is difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary...+for sb. to do sth.4) It+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/stupid/wise...+of sb. to do sth.4. 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)作表语1) 不定式、动名词都可作表语,但动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,可以是多次的、经常性的行为;不定式作表语多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
2) 现在分词、过去分词都可作表语,但现在分词意为:令人……的;过去分词意为:感到……的。
3) 非谓语动词作remain的表语。
remain作“仍然是”讲,后面可加现在分词或过去分词作表语。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.The true author of the book remains unknown.remain to be done表示“仍需去做”。
A lot of homework remains to be finished.练习：It’s standard prac tice for a company like this one _______(employ) a security officer.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________(seat) as the plane was making a landing.5. 非谓语动词作状语（1）不定式、分词作状语的基本原则：不定式、分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则一般不能使用不定式、分词作状语。
如：Hav ing won the match, it’s time for us to celebrate. 该句错误！因为状语主语与主句主语不一致，无逻辑上的主被动关系！那么，试思考：遇到这种情况怎么解决？（2）不定式作状语a. 作目的状语强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成“in order to do”或“so as to do”结构。
Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year (so as/in order) to visit her.Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forget it.b. 作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to; such...as to; ...enough to; only to(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果); too...to等。
I’m not so stupid as to write it down. = I’m not so stupid that I write it down.Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left.I’m too tired to stay up any longer.c. 不定式作原因状语形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。
You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.Mrs. Lee was so disappointed to know that his son had failed in the exam again.d. 在“主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do”结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。