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超声引导下股神经阻滞联合连续腘窝入路坐骨神经阻滞在快速康复足踝部外科中的应用
block
under ultrasound guidance for enhanced recovery after ankle and foot Haiou,Wang Kun,Hou Dailiang,Li Chengwen
Department
surgery硒增Xiangang,Li
ofAnesthesiology,Jining
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超声引导下股神经阻滞联合连续胭窝人路 坐骨神经阻滞在快速康复足踝部
外科中的应用
孔宪刚
272011
李海鸥
王昆侯代亮
李成文
山东省济宁,济宁市第一人民医院麻醉科
通信作者:李海鸥,Email:lihaiou2771@163.COB
在髋或膝关节置换术的应用已得到重视¨引。 足踝部手术亦是常见的下肢外科手术,临床上 多采用椎管内麻醉和术后硬膜外镇痛,但与周围神 经阻滞相比较,其易导致低血压、双侧下肢运动阻 滞、尿潴留等口引。足踝部手术为肢体远端区域手 术。肢体远端的周围神经阻滞用于足踝外科手术值
人手术室后常规监护血压、心率、心电图和血氧饱和 度。在行麻醉操作前2 min,静脉注射舒芬太尼0.1
一般资料本研究已获医院伦理委员会批准,
患者或其家属已签署知情同意书。选择2016年3
月至2016年9月在本院行单侧足踝部手术的成年
患者60例,性别不限,ASA I~Ⅲ级,预计手术时间
h内,其中跟骨骨折23例、内外踝骨折29例、足部 清创缝合8例,按随机数字表法分为两组:超声引导
2
人0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml,然后向头侧置入神经周围
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1008—1372.2017.06.016
【摘要】
目的探讨超声引导下单次股神经阻滞联合连续胭窝入路坐骨神经阻滞在快速康复
足踝部外科中的应用。方法择期拟行单侧足踝部手术的成年患者60例,按随机数字表法分为A、 B两组(a=30)。A组行超声引导下单次股神经阻滞和连续胭窝入路坐骨神经阻滞,放置坐骨神经 周围导管,术后经神经周围导管采用0.2%罗哌卡因实施患者自控镇痛;B组行k一,硬膜外穿刺并置 管,术后行患者硬膜外自控镇痛。记录麻醉前后的血流动力学变化、麻醉效果、术中输液量及麻黄碱 使用情况。记录术后48 h内静息/运动疼痛数字评分(NRS)、患肢运动阻滞改良Bromage评分、镇痛 泵有效按压次数和补救镇痛率。记录术后首次下床活动时间、住院时间及相关并发症。结果A组 麻醉后各时点的收缩压和舒张压明显高于B组(P<0.05),术中输液量及麻黄碱使用率明显低于B 组(P<0.05)。两组术后静息和运动NRS评分、镇痛泵有效按压次数和补救镇痛率等比较差异无统 计学意义(P>0.05),但B组恶心呕吐、尿潴留等并发症明显多于A组(P<0.05)。A组术后24 h内 的患肢运动阻滞改良Bromage评分明显低于B组(P<0.05),术后首次下床活动时间及住院时间明 显短于B组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下单次股神经联合连续胭窝入路坐骨神经阻滞对血流动 力学干扰小,麻醉效果确切,术后镇痛效果良好且患肢运动阻滞轻微,有利于足踝部外科患者的快速 康复。 【关键词】
movement.1tg
【Key words】
P1an f 2015—57_07)
Femoral nerve;Sciatic nerve;Nerve block;Rehabilitation;Ankle/SU;Foot/SU Health Program of Jining City,Science and Technology Development
To
No.J People
Hospital,Jining 272011,China
Corresponding author:Li
Haiou,Emaif:lihaiou2771@163.corn explore the feasibility of continuous sciatic
nerve
【Abstract】0bjective
rescue
and the number of need for opioid
within 48 h after surgery were assessed.The first time of leaving
to
bed after operation,the length of hospital stay and the occurring of complication related
a
epidural puncture and
ivacaine
catheter placement
at
L一3
level followed by postoperative analgesia with 0.2%rop— blood pressure(DBP)and heart
through the catheter.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic
beat(HR)were
ing operation
recorded before and after anesthesia.The block efficacy,the volume of fluid influsion dur—
a
and the usage of ephedrine were recorded.The pain severity at rest and upon movement with
urinary retention
rescue(尸>0.05),but
the complications such
as
nausea
and vomiting,
at
occurred more in group B(P<O.05).The modified Bromage
score
of the motor block
on an—
with single shot femoral
block
can
provide
exact
anesthetic effect with
on
haemodynamics and excelent postoperative analgesia with less influence kle and foot surgery to improve the recovery after surgery.
gery.Methods
into
eter
nerve
block via lateral poplit—
sur—
eal approach with single shot femoral
block for enhanced recovery after surgery in ankle and foot
股神经;坐骨神经;神经传导阻滞;康复;蹦外科学;足/外科学
基金项目:济宁市科技发展计划医药卫生项目(2015-57-07)
Continuous sciatic block via lateral popliteal approach with single shot femoral
nerve
nerve
0—10 numeric rating scale(NRS,0=no pain and 10=worst possible pain),the modified Bromage
of
score
the motor block of the affected extremity,the number of effective patient—controlled bolus of ropivacaine
each time point within 24 h after surgery was lower in group B than that in group
time
B(P<0.05).The
first
of leaving bed after operation and the length of hospital stay Ultrasound—guided continuous
外侧可见类三角形高回声的股神经(图1);以探头 外侧1 cm为穿刺点,针尖进入到股神经附近,回抽 无血后注入0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml;连续侧人路胭窝 坐骨神经阻滞:取仰卧位,患侧小腿稍内旋置于升高 的臂托上,髌骨上方3~8 cm股外侧肌下缘与股二 头肌所形成的股外侧肌问沟内为穿刺点,胭窝皱褶 上方约8 cm处为扫描点,超声扫描获取目标影像实 时引导穿刺针进针到理想位置(图2),回抽元血注
Sixty adult patients scheduled for elective ankle and foot surgery were randomly assigned
A
2
group(a=30 each):Group
a
received sciatic
nerve
nerve
block via lateral popliteal approach with
Fund program:Medical and
快速康复外科(enhanced
recovery
after surgery,
menc rating
scale,NRS:0为无痛,10为无法忍受的
mg。
ERAS)即应用循证医学证据优化围术期的一系列治
疼痛)的应用培训。术前3 h口服塞来昔布200
疗措施,是促进术后康复的一种临床外科处理理念,
~0.2恤∥kg和咪达唑仑0.01~0.03 mg/kg提供镇