不定式被动语态的用法及练习一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book ____________________.一般/过去将来时: The book _________________________.The book __________________________.现在/过去进行时：The book __________________________.现在/过去完成时: The book ___________________________.情态动词：The book _______________________________.二、动词不定式的被动语态1. 动词不定式的被动语态有两种形式：1）一般式（not/never ）to be done2）完成式（not/ never）to have been done（表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）2. 动词不定式的被动语态在句子中的作用1) 做主语（常用it做形式主语）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous.(it 作形式主语）被邀请参加这个亚运会开幕式，是一大荣幸。
2) 做表语The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年, 这种新药将在500个过度肥胖的人上进行试验。
3) 做宾语She didn’t like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.这位职员不希望被她的顾客嘲笑。
4) 做宾语补足语Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.这个残疾的孩子希望由这个主建筑师来设计这座电影院。
5）做定语What a victory to be envied by those women!英国人对即将在伦敦举行的奥运会感到骄傲。
6）做状语All these gifts must be mailed immediately so asto be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙赶到订票处（booking office）却被告知所有的票都卖完了。
3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
1) 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又与该句主语（或另一名词/代词）构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,He has nothing to eat.分析：eat 动→nothing宾/ he 主→eat 谓I will give you a book to read .分析：_____ 动→________宾/ _____主→_____谓这个优雅的女人有事情要宣布。
★注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式。
★比较：I have a lot of letters to type .(我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter)I have a lot of letters to be typed.(意思为：I get sb. to type the letter)1) I’ll go to New York. Have you anything ____________(take) to your wife there?2) Do you have any clothes ____________(wash), sir?” ask ed the maid3) I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes___________(wash)3. 在下列情况中用不定式的主动形式表示被动意思。
2) 在“主语+表语（形容词）to do” 中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间是动宾关系。
常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap，fit，dangerousEg. This question is easy to answer.（分析：answer (动)------this question （宾））★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.（分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）如：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
这题目很难算出来。
4. 在“too…to do; enough…to…”结构中。
如：这个问题太难了算不出来。
The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．这房子够大能住下。
5. There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
There is a lot of work to do / to be done.(多用主动形式)没有什么可担心的。
6. 在“with+n+to do”结构中。
例如：没有事情要做，他就躺在被窝里。
因为有太多的练习要做，我不能帮你忙。
7. 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租), rent，hire, blame等。
房子出租。
我觉得我应该被责骂。
练习题：1.It will take several weeks for your computer to ____________ (repair).2. I knew him ___________________ (catch) by the police.3. A vote is required ______________(take) in our company at once.4.This makes it possible for them ________(make) metals into any required shapes.5. Dick sped on the motorway only____________ (fine).6. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed ______________(steal) it.7. I hope _______________(admit) to Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to ____________________ (translate) into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _________________(welcome) into their society .e on! It is an easy sentence ______________ (translate).11.When I came in, he pretended to _____________.(read)12.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____________(receive) in time forChristmas.13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter ______________(not drive) after drinking.14. Hearing the good news, he was too excited ____________ (speak).15. It happened ______________ (rain) when I got there.16. I am terribly sorry ___________(lose) your key.17. I am sorry __________(say )that he is going from bad to worse.18. He asked ______________(send) to the place where he was most needed.19. What he hoped was ______________(admit) into the university20. He got to the station only ________(find) all the tickets had been sold out.21. I am sorry ________________(keep) you waiting so long.22.On their return the father asked his son _________(explain) what he had learnt.23.My advisor encouraged me _________(take) a summer course to improve mywriting skills.24.I don’t know whether you happen ______________(hear), but I’m going to studyin the U.S.A this September.25.The flu is believed _____________(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cellsinside the human nose and throat.26.He seems ____________________（punish) by his teacher yesterday.27.__________(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.28.He was too frightened _____ (say) anything.29.29.The school ordered all the classroom _________________( clean ).30.My grandmother seems to have a lot ____________ (worry) about.31.I am going to the post office.Do you have any letter ______________(post)?32.You are lucky enough ____________________ (not catch) in the rain.二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。