unconditionally . And finally on August 14,1945 Japan announced its surrender.
Relationships among European countries
Appeasement(绥ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้政策又称姑息主义)
Appeasement is a diplomatic policy（外交政策） aimed at avoiding war
World War II
World War II (1939-1945), was a global war involved a vast majority of the world‘s nations— including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million people serving in military units. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust（大屠杀） and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it resulted in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities. These deaths make World War II by far the deadliest conflict in all of human history.
The ending
On 15 August 1945 Japan surrendered, with the surrender documents finally signed aboard the deck of the American battleship USS Missouri on 2 September 1945, ending the war。
German vs. U.S.S.R
-----希特勒上台导致关系破裂
1933年1月希特勒上台，标志着德国法西斯政权的建立， 苏德良好的军事合作关系也因此受到严重的影响。 1938年底，希特勒开始具体计划发动大战，为避免德国重 蹈两线作战的覆辙，德国突然率先提出加强苏德军事合作问 题，提出用苏联原料换德国武器的方案。斯大林求之不得。 从执行协议的态度看，双方是守信义的 .
European Civil War
Some academics examine World War II as the final portion of a wider European Civil War ，including: the Franco-Prussian War the Spanish Civil War
Causes of World War II
nationalistic tensions
unresolved issues
interwar period in Europe
the Great Depression in the 1930s
Anti-communism（反共）
Both Italian and German fascism(法西斯主义) were in part a reaction to international communist socialist uprisings, in conjunction with nationalist fears of the Slavic empire 。
Important battles
1.In 1939 Hitler’s army invaded Poland and won a quick victory, which marked the beginning of World War II . 2.On June 22,1941,German invaded the Soviet Union.
交政策。汉语中，这个词一般用于贬义，且现在
一般特指1930年代英、美、法、苏等大国对德、 意、日侵略者姑息、纵容，不惜牺牲他国的领土 主权以至本国利益去满足侵略者的欲望，以图苟 安的政策。
奉行绥靖政策原因
1.针对苏联及共产主义，企图“祸水东引”； 2.对于世界大战的恐惧； 3.第一次世界大战带给各国的经济创伤还没有愈合； 4.害怕德国进行战略性轰炸； 5.凡尔赛和约对德国过份压制，使得各国认为德国只是为了要回自己应得利益； 6.没有真正认识到纳粹及希特勒的危险性和危害性； 7.来自西方盟国的背叛等。
by making concessions（让步） to an aggressor. Historian Paul
Kennedy defines it as “the policy of settling international quarrels by admitting and satisfying grievances through rational negotiation and
直到德国侵略波兰英国才被迫宣战。
Britain vs. USSR
希特勒上台后公开表示要反对共产主义对苏扩张。因此苏联是反对德国法西 斯侵略最坚决的国家。苏联在申明坚决抵抗法西斯德国的侵略扩张的同时主张 所有受法西斯威胁的国家缔结多边或双边协定以保障集体安全扼制法西斯势力 和延缓世界大战的爆发,但慕尼黑协定之后被迫放弃了集体安全。苏联曾积极参 与反德的联盟,随着国际局势更加动荡不定,张伯伦和达拉第也开始赞成与苏联结 成联盟的主张。但由于张伯伦“对俄国极不信任”和避免刺激纳粹分子去发动 战争与苏谈判也只是作为压德国让步的外交手段并非出于“诚意”。
German vs. U.S.S.R
---与”狼”共舞：二战前苏联与德国曾有20年“蜜月” 在许多人眼里,1945年以前的苏联和德国是战场上的仇敌。纳粹德军的入侵 夺走了2700万苏联公民的性命。不过你可否知道， 就在这些血淋淋的历史中却隐含着一个重大的秘密——德国和苏联在极端秘 密的情况下进行了20余年的军事合作。 1926年4月，苏德签定《互不侵犯和中立条约》，德国向苏联保证不参加 任何国际集团对苏联的封锁，苏联则保证了德国东部的安全，这项条约更加促 进了两国的军事合作。 1928-1933年，苏联展开了第一个五年计划，以图建立现代化的军事工业基 础，迫切需要德国大量援助，德国也投桃报李，向苏联提供了大量信贷以及帮 助苏联向德国企业订货。 斯大林对双方的合作关系相当满意。1929年5月31日，斯大林写信给外交 人民委员齐切林说：“我想……我们与德国人的事情将运行良好。”
The Great Depression
Fallout from the collapse of the United States economy following the 1929 Stock Market Crash reverberated throughout the world. European countries were hit hard by the Great Depression, which led to high rates of unemployment, poverty, civil unrest, and an overall feeling of despair. The Great Depression resulted in a 25% unemployment rate in the United States and a 33% unemployment rate in Germany. The lure of a steady job and adequate food led many people to support dictatorships like those established by Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, and other totalitarians(极权主 义者).
the USA and WWⅡ
----参战原因
1935—1939年，美国对于德、意、日在欧洲、亚洲、非洲的 侵略政策都是执行以“中立”和“不干预”为形式的姑息政策。 然而在1941年珍珠港事件爆发之后，美国卷入了第二次世界大战。 这首先表现在美国主张的“欧洲均势”政策被打破。其次，美国 在远东地区的利益日益受到威胁和损害。
正是德意日法西斯大肆的侵略扩张活动震撼了美国人民和美国
政府，使执迷于孤立主义与和平主义的人们开始改变立场 。。为 了维护美国的安全和战略利益，美国政府终于逐渐放弃了战时中
立的政策。
Allies vs. Axis powers
The Allies of World War II (同盟国) were the countries that opposed the Axis powers（轴心国） during the Second World War (1939–1945). The Allies became involved in World War II either because they had already been invaded, were directly threatened with invasion by the Axis or because they were concerned that the Axis powers would come to control the world.
3.On December 7,1941,Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, bringing The USA into the war.