中国文化特色词语英译（一）宗教及传统文拜年: pay a New Year call财运: luck in making money江南水乡: the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River禅宗: Chan Sect/Zen Sect出家人: ascetic祠堂:memorial temple倒春寒：an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring道教：Taoism道士：Taoist priest法师：Master 方丈：Buddhist abbot佛教：Buddhism恭喜发财：May you be prosperous和尚：Buddhism monk华表：ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele红包：red envelope containing money as a gift; bribe/kickback（贬义用法）华盖：canopy回教：Islam慧根：the organ of wisdom甲骨文：inscriptions on oracle bones戒律：precept/discipline金刚经：Diamond Sutra京剧票友：Perking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱：types of facial make-up in Perking Opera/Perking Opera masks旧教/天主教：Catholicism坎儿井：karez喇嘛：Lama老字号：an old and famous shop/enterprise尼姑：Buddhism nun涅槃：Nirvana旗袍：cheongsam三藏经：Tripitaka三教（儒、释、道）：Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism时运：luck/fortune四大皆空：all space directions being void新教，耶稣教：Protestantism真人：Taoism pure man族人：clansman坐禅：sitting in meditation（二）名胜古迹阿里山：Ali Mountain碑林：Forest of Steles兵马俑：the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses布达拉宫：Potala Palace长春观：Changchun Taoism Temple承德避暑山庄：Chengde Mountain Resort /the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort 大屿山：Lantau Island大运河：Grand Canal滇池：Dianci Lake都江堰：Dujiangyan Weir二七纪念馆：February 7 Memorial Hall鼓浪屿：Gulang yu Islet/Gulang yu Island归元寺：Guiyuan Buddhist Temple龟山：Tortoise Hill华清池：Huaqing Hot Spring黄鹤楼：Yellow Crane Tower居庸关：Juyongguan Pass橘子洲：Orange Island孔庙/夫子庙：the Temple of Confucius坤宁宫：Palace of Earthly Tranquility乐山大佛：Leshan Giant Buddha灵隐寺：Temple of Soul’s Retreat龙门石窟：Longmen Grottoes芦笛岩：Reed Flute Cave毛主席纪念堂：Chairman Mao Memorial Hall莫高窟：Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang蓬莱阁：Penglai Pavilion人民大会堂：the Great Hall of the People人民英雄纪念碑：Monument of the People’s Heroes日月潭：Sun Moon Lake三峡：the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River/ the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River少林寺：Shaolin Temple/ Shaolin Monastery蛇山：Snake Hill狮子林：Lion Grove十三陵：the Ming Tombs石林：Stone Forest苏州园林：Suzhou Gardens/the Gardens of Suzhou太和殿：Hall of Supreme Harmony太湖：Lake Taihu天安门广场：Tian An Men Square天坛：the Temple of Heaven外滩：the Bund武侯祠：Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang西湖：the West Lake象鼻山：Elephant Trunk Hill养心殿：Hall of Mental Cultivation颐和园（夏宫）：the Imperial Garden /the Summer Palace雍和宫：Yonghegong Lamasery雨花台：the Terrace of the Raining Flowers玉渊潭公园：Jade Abyss Pool Park豫园（上海城隍庙）：Yuyuan Garden/Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼：Yueyang Tower中山陵：Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum紫金山天文台：Purple Hills Observatory紫竹院公园：Purple Bamboo Court Park（三）二十四节气二十四节气：the twenty-four solar terms立春：the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)雨水：Rain Water(2nd solar term)惊蛰：the Walking of Insects(3rd solar term)春分：the Spring Equinox(4th solar term)清明：Pure Brightness(5th solar term)谷雨：Grain Rain(6th solar term)立夏：the Beginning of Summer(7th solar term)小满：Grain Full(8th solar term)芒种：Grain in Ear(9th solar term)夏至：the summer solstice（10th solar term）小暑：Slight Heat(11th solar term)大暑：Great Heat(12th solar system)立秋：the Beginning of Autumn(13th solar term)处暑：the Limit of Heat(14th solar term)白露：White Dew(15th solar term)秋分：the Autumnal Equinox(16th solar term)寒露：Cold Dew(17th solar term)霜降：Frost’s Descent(18th solar term)立冬：the Beginning of Winter(19th solar term)小雪：Lesser Snow(20th solar term)大雪：Greater Snow(21st solar term)冬至：the Winter Solstice(22nd solar term)小寒：Lesser Cold(23rd solar term)大寒：Greater Cold(24th solar term)（四）政治经济活动“达标”活动: “target hitting” activities“豆腐渣”工程：jerry-built project“一条龙服务”:coordinated-process service安居工程：housing project for low-income families按劳分配：distribution according to one’s performance把各项政策落到实处：truly put all policies into effect把握正确的舆论导向：to properly guide the public opinion把眼光放远一些：to subordinate immediate interests to the long-term ones/to be farsighted/to have a broad view把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处：to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented 百花齐放、百家争鸣：Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend百年不遇：once-in-a-century摆门面：to put up an impressive front半拉子工程：uncompleted project包干到户：work contracted to households保持和发展党的先进性：preserve and enhance/maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature 保重点，不撒胡椒面：Resources must be channeled to(or concentrated on) priority projects and not spread thinly(evenly) everywhere本位主义：departmentalism变相涨价：disguised inflation拨乱反正：to set things right/to restore things to order不搞一刀切：without imposing a single solution不顾条件，一哄而起：to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions不合理收费、集资和摊派：to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization不正之风：unhealthy practice（tendency）不良风气：unhealthy ways and customs部优产品：Ministry-recognized quality goods/products财政困难县：financially strapped counties菜篮子工程：the shopping basket project参政议政意识：the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs超计划生育：to have more children than what is planned/extra-plan babies城市最低生活保障制度：the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents城乡居民最低生活保障制度：the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents吃大锅饭：egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”出口退税：export tax rebates传销：pyramid selling/multi-level marketing春运：（passenger）transportation during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车：maglev train (magnetically levitated train )/magnetic suspension打白条：to issue IOUs打假：to crack down on counterfeit goods打捆带货：bundled loans大路货：staple goods大排档：sidewalk snack booth/large stall大腕：top notch/a heavyweight待业：job-waiting单位：organizations and institutions党风廉政建设：build a fine Party culture and keeps its organization clean党群关系：Party-masses relationship党性：one’s Party morale/Party spirit/Party character倒爷：profiteer第二职业：second employment/second occupation第三产业：tertiary industry/service sector对外宣传工作：to conduct public diplomacy programs发展是硬道理：Development is of overriding importance防洪工程：flood-prevention project房管：real estate management放宽市场准入：relax control over market entry/ease market access扶贫：poverty alleviation福利分房：welfare-oriented public housing distribution system改革开放：reform and opening to the outside world港人治港：Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong高新技术产业开发区：high and new technological industry development zone搞活国营大中型企业：to revitalize/invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 革命老根据地：the old revolutionary base areas公费医疗：medical services at state expense公款吃喝：banquet at public expenses挂靠：to be attached or affiliated to/to be subordinated to挂职：to take up provisional post in官倒：official profiteering/official racketing规范收入分配秩序：standardize pattern of income distribution国家行政编制：government staff status长期国库券：treasury bonds国有大中型企业：large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises和平共处五项原则：the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence和平统一，一国两制的方针：the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”/the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country, two systems”和平演变：peaceful evolution towards capitalism和谐发展的内涵：the characteristics of a harmonious society 黑店：gangster inn黑社会：Mafia-style organizations; gangland红筹股：red-chip shares/red chips户口簿：residence booklet户口管理制度：domicile system/residence registration system户主：head of a household灰色收入：income from moonlighting火炬计划：Torch Program( a plan to develop new and high technology)基本国情：fundamental realities of the country基层民主：community-level democracy集体主义：community spirit/collectivism计划生育：family planning加强基层民主：to expand democracy at village and community level加强务实合作：to enhance cooperation in practical term假日经济：holiday economy坚持“一个中心、两个基本点”的基本路线：adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “one central task and two basic points”坚持两个文明一起抓：to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advocated both materially and culturally and ideologically减员增效、下岗分流：to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoff re-employed elsewhere讲文明礼貌：to promote civilized behavior/civic manners讲学习，讲政治，讲正气的党性党风教育：to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies, political awareness and integrity解放生产力：to emancipate the productive forces 解放思想：to free our mind戒急用忍：to overcome impetuosity exercise patience/no haste/be patient精简机构：to streamline government organs精神文明建设：to promote cultural and ethical progress纠风办：State Council Office for Rectification纠正不正之风：to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices军转民：military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production开展扫黄打非斗争：to eliminate/crack down on pornography and other illegal publications康居工程：the Affordable Housing Project科技是第一生产力：Science and technology constitute a primary productive force科教兴国战略：the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education科学民主决策：to make decisions scientifically and democratically跨世纪工程：trans-century project污损企业：enterprises running in the end/under deficit廉政建设：construction of a clean government龙头：to play a leading role in/to serve as a powerhouse乱摊派：indiscriminate levies/arbitrary imposition of quotas乱涨价：unauthorized price rise民工：out-of-town laborer/rural laborer/migrant laborer民族区域自治制度：the system of autonomy of ethnic regions磨洋工：to dawdle along南水北调工程：projects to divert water from the south to the north农转非：agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status普法教育：to enhance legal awareness企业政策性破产：policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise强国之路：the path to a strong China勤俭强国：to build the country with industry and thrift全民所有制：public ownership/public sector/publicly owned权力下放：to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels三角债：debt chains三通：direct links in postal service，air and shipping services and trade/three direct links ,mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits三峡工程：Three Gorges Projects三资企业：enterprises in the “three forms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures ,cooperative businesses and exclusively(wholly) foreign-owned enterprises扫黄：anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography社会主义基本制度：the basic system of socialism涉外婚姻：Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 生态补偿机制：ecological damage compensation mechanism十年动乱：the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil十年规划和“八五”计划纲要：the guidelines of the Ten-Year Program and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 实事求是：to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach事业编制：staffing of government affiliated institutions四有公民：citizens who have high ideals, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline脱贫：to shake off poverty歪风邪气：unhealthy practices and evil phenomena晚婚晚育：late marriage and postponement of childbearing温饱问题：the problem of inadequate of inadequate food and clothing五好家庭：five-virtue family五讲四美三热爱：five stresses, four points of beauty and three aspects of love五讲四美运动：the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”: to promote civility ,courtesy, tidiness, orderliness and integrity下海：to take the plunge into private business下硬功夫：to make intensive efforts乡镇企业：township enterprise/rural enterprise小康社会：a well-off society小康生活;to lead a relatively comfortable life小商品市场：smalls fair信息高速公路：information（super）highway/info highway星火计划：Spark Program姓社姓资问题：distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism亚运村：Asian Games Village严打：to crack down on crimes and social evils严防死守：life-and-death defense一刀切：sweeping approach/to impose uniformity on(e.g, all enterprises)/action in disregard of objective conditions一国两制：one country, two systems一切向钱看：money-mania/money-mad/to put money above anything else依法治国: to rule the country in accordance with law移风易俗：to transform outmoded habit and custom以权谋私：to abuse power for personal gains优生优育：to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/to improve prenatal and postnatal care有经济头脑的人：commercially minded people/people with business sense跃上新台阶：to reach a new high 宰人：rip-off政企分开：to separate government functions from enterprise management支农惠农政策：policies to support and benefit agriculture, rural areas and farmers治理三乱：to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines, charges and levies治理整顿：to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order/economic improvement and rectification/economic retrenchment中央：the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government 重点贫困县：designated poverty-stricken counties重读建设：to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects抓住经济建设这个中心：to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development专业户：specialized household自负盈亏：to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss自留地：individual farm plots/private plots of land走共同致富的道路：to take the road of common prosperity遵纪守法：to observe discipline and abide by the law重要机构名称英译（一）学校各部门（大学）\校医院：university hospital保卫科：security section/office财务处：finance section/office基础部：basic training department教材科：teaching material section/office教务处：the dean’s office教研室：teaching and research room科研室：scientific research department膳食科：catering section/office外事处：foreign affairs office学生科：student affairs section/office学术委员会：academic committee研究生院：graduate school招生办公室：admission office政教处：political education section/office总务处：general affairs office（二）政党及组织九三学社：The Jiu San Society台湾民主政治同盟：The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League政治局：Political Bureau中共中央对外联络部：International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee 中共中央统战部：United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee中国共产主义青年团：Communist Youth League of China中国国民党革命委员会：The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomingtang中国民主促进会：China Association for Promoting Democracy中国民主建国会：China Democratic National Construction Association中国民主同盟：The China Democratic League中国农工民主党：Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party中国致公党：China Zhi Gong Party中央办公厅：General Office of the Central Committee中央党校：Party School of the Central Committee; Central Party School中央顾问委员会：Advisory Commission of the Central Committee中央候补委员：Alternate Member of the Central Committee中央纪律检查委员会：Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee中央军事委员会：Military Commission of the Central Committee中央绿化委员会：Greening Commission of the Central Committee中央书记处：Secretariat of the Central Committee中央政法委员会：Commission of the Politics and Law of the Central Committee中央政治局：Political Bureau of the Central Committee中央政治局常务委员会：Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee 中央组织部：Organizing Department of the Central Committee（三）国务院所属各部、委、局兵器工业部：Ministry of Ordnance Industry财政部：Ministry of Finance城乡建设环境保护部：Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection地质矿产部：Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources电子工业部：Ministry of Electronic Industry对外经济贸易部：Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade对外贸易经济合作部：Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation纺织工业部：Ministry of Textile Industry工商行政管理总局：General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration公安部：Ministry of Public Security广播电影电视部：Ministry of Radio, Film and Television国防部：Ministry of State Defense国防科学技术工业委员会：the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security 国家安全部：Ministry of State Security国家标准总局：State Bureau of Standardization国家测量制图局：State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography国家档案局：State Archives Bureau国家地震局：State Seismological Bureau国家发展计划委员会：State Development Planning Commission国家海洋局：State Oceanic Bureau国家计量总局：State Bureau of Metrology国家经济体制改革委员会：the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System国家经济委员会：the State Economic Commission国家民族事务委员会：the State Nationalities Affairs Commission国家商品检验局：State Commodity Inspection Commission国家水产总局：State Bureau of Aquatic Products国家税务局：State Taxation Administration国家体育运动委员会：the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家统计局:State Statistical Bureau国家物价局：State Bureau of Commodity Prices国家新闻出版署：State Press and Publications Bureau国内贸易部：Ministry of Internal Trade国土局：Land and Resources Bureau国土资源部：Ministry of Land and Natural Resources国务院参事室：Office of Counselors to the State Council国务院港澳办公室：Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council 国务院侨务办公室：Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council海关总署：General Administration of Customs航天工业部：Ministry of Astronautics Industry核工业部：Ministry of Nuclear Industry华侨事务委员会：Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission化学工业部：Ministry of Chemical Industry机械工业部：Ministry of Machine-Building Industry监察部：Ministry of Supervision建设部：Ministry of Construction交通部：Ministry of Communications教育部：Ministry of Education科学技术部：Ministry of Science and Technology劳动和社会保障部：Ministry of Labor and Social Security林业部：Ministry of Forestry劳动人事部：Ministry of labor and Personnel Affairs旅行游览总局：General Administration of Travel and Tourism煤炭工业部：Ministry of Coal Industry民政部：Ministry of Civil Affairs农牧渔业部：Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery轻工业部：Ministry of Light Industry全国供销合作总社：All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing cooperatives审计署：Auditing Administration石油工业部：Ministry of Petroleum Industry水利电力部：Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power司法部：Ministry of Justice铁道部：Ministry of Railways外国专家局：Bureau of Foreign Experts Admission外交部：Ministry of Foreign Affairs文化部：Ministry is Culture信息产业部：Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Induastries冶金工业部：Ministry of Metallurgocan邮电部：Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications宗教事务局：Bureau of Religious Affairs.（四）其他政府和群众组织中华全国妇女联合会：All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会：All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中国残疾人协会：Chinese Association for Trade Unions中国红十字会：Red Cross Society of China全国人民代表大会：National people’s Congress省人民代表大会：Provincial People’s Congress地区人民代表大会：Prefectural People’s Congress市人民代表大会：C ity People’s Congress自治区人民代表大会：Autonomous Regional People’s Congress中国人民政治协商会议：Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 最高人民法院：The Supreme People’s Court中级人民法院：Intermediate People’s Court中央法院：Central Court地方法院：Local Court人民检察院：People’s Procuratorate中国民用航空局：Civil Aviation of China中国民用航空总局：General Administration of Civil Aviation of China中国文字改革委员会：Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台：China Central Television Station (CCTV)中央气象局：Central Bureau of Meteorology中国人民广播电台：Central People’s Broadcasting Station中央文史研究馆：Central Research Institute of Culture and History新华社：Xinhua News Agency辞书出版社：Lexicographic Publishing House古籍出版社：Classics Press/Ancient Books Publishing House广播电视出版社：Broadcasting and Television Press人民出版社：People’s Publishing House商务印书馆：Commercial Press少年儿童出版社：Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House外文出版社：Foreign Languages Press社会科学出版社：Social Science Publishing House文艺出版社：Literature and Art Publishing House译文出版社：Translation Publishing House中国对外翻译出版公司：China Translation and Publishing Corporation .。