首师大附中2020-2021学年度第一学期高二英语第一次月考试题2020.9学校：班级：姓名：考号：一、语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）AThe Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as 1 investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and 2 (late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals 3 other countries and cultures.BMany animals recognize their food because they see it. 4 do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some 5 (type) of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses 6 (find) and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, 7 most animals use more than one sense.CChina’s icebreaker Xue Long ___8__(set) sail from Shanghai to the Antarcti c. Zhu Bing, ___9___ is the captain of the scientific research ship,said that the icebreaker would first travel to the to-be-built station before making a short stop at Zhongshan station. One of its main tasks is ___10___(build) another research station in the Antarctic. Once completed, the new station would be the country’s third year round station in the Antarctic and the first to be lying on the border of the Pacific Ocean. The other two stations,the Great Wall Station and the Zhongshan Station, were built in the 1980s.二、完型填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on stage-design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking, 11 she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason, she was impressed with my work and me.Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my 12 . She wanted to know how I thought we should 13 things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew 14 about stage design! But I slowly began to respond to her 15 . It was cause and effect: She believed I had opinions, so I began to 16 them. She trusted me to complete things, so I completed them perfectly. She loved how 17 I was, so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me, so I began to believe in myself.Mrs. Neidl’s 18 that year was, “Try it. We can always paint over it 19 !” I began to take 20 . I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing — only things to be 21 upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and 22 create something.The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was 23 in the program as “Student Art Assistant” because of the time and effort I’d put in. It was that year that I 24 I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.Being on that stage-design team 25 Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I thought, but I also 26 a strong interest and a world I hadn’t known ex isted. She taught me not to 27 what people think I should do. She taught me to take chances and not be 28 . Mrs. Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her 29 in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined 30 .11. A. and B. yet C. so D. for12. A. opinion B. impression C. information D. intention13. A. make B. keep C. handle D. change14. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing15. A. questions B. comments C. explanations D. remarks16. A. hold B. follow C. evaluate D. form17. A. happy B. lively C. reliable D. punctual18. A. message B. motto C. saying D. suggestion19. A. again B. more C. instead D. later20. A. steps B. control C. charge D. risks21. A. improved B. acted C. looked D. reflected22. A. easily B. carefully C. confidently D. proudly23. A. introduced B. recognized C. identified D. considered24. A. confirmed B. decided C. realized D. acknowledged25. A. with B. below C. of D. by26. A. developed B. discovered C. took D. fostered27. A. accept B. care C. judge D. wonder28. A. bored B. lazy C. sad D. afraid29. A. trust B. patience C. curiosity D. interest30. A. accessible B. enjoyable C. possible D. favorable三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）AThe Basics of Math—Made ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” ofmathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing—and completely understandable—field of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.31. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?A. Algebra.B. College Mathematics.C. Arithmetic.D. Mathematics Education.32. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?A. Stronger imaginative ability.B. Additional presentation skills.C. More mathematical confidence.D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.33. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.C. He works in Georgia State University.D. He specializes in training teachers.34. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A. A news report.B. A book reviewC. A lesson plan.D. An advertisementBPeanuts to ThisProudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet andfind information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Heads—the commander, and tails—the peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!35. What did the author’s classmates think about his report?A. Controversial.B. Ridiculous.C. Boring.D. Puzzling.36. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with American history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teacher’s instruction.D. He was new at the school.37. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.A. annoyedB. ashamedC. readyD. eager38. In the end, the author turned things around _______.A. by redoing his taskB. through his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmasterCDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way thebrain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.39. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively40. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions41. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risksDAs the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.The 19th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21th century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of th e railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.42. What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?A. Small towns along the railways became abandoned.B. Some railroad stops remained underused.C. Land in the West was hard to manage.D. Land grants went into private hands.43. What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?A. The transmission of power.B. The use of money and power.C. The conservation of solar energy.D. The selection of an ideal place.44. What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?A. CautiousB. ApprovingC. DoubtfulD. Disapproving45. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How the Railways Have Affected the WestB. How Solar Energy Could Reshape the WestC. How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be ReducedD. How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled四、书面表达（共25分）假设你是红星中学的学生会主席李华。