（一）综合写作All the more 尤其At best 充其量姑且Hold water （理论、计划等）证明正确合理，说得通，（容器）不漏水;言之有理综合写作（1+3）综合写作流1、Direction(1min)2、Reading(3min)——230-300 words academic articles3、Listening(2min)——the topic is same as reading4、Writing(20min)——200-220 words best综合写作要求：1、topic: academic2、不能写自己的观点3、写阅读和听力之间的联系（OPPOSE 三驳三）驳斥的种类：（1）优点被驳斥（2）缺点被驳斥（3）证据被驳斥应试攻略：（1）找例子：typically, suppose, for example, take..example, especially, actually, in fact （2）找原因：since, because, the reason why, due to, thank to, owing to（3）找结构性连词：a)“结果”: so, therefore, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a resultb)“让步”和”转折”：in contrast, on the contrast, nevertheless, still, yet阅读要义读完一句，用简洁中英文或符号记下大意重点关注两类词：（1）文中反复出现的词（2）实义动词听力要义（1）阅读中出现过的词（2）听具有知己意义的词（实义动词、形容词）写作要义（1+3）1、开头段：写一段表明Reading 和Lecture 的联系（1）综合写作话题（2）阅读中心论点（3）听力中心论点2、主体部分：写三段（1）每段一对一的阐述（2）每段结构：过渡性连词（首先，其次，再次）句群1：阅读的分论点+阅读的细节句群2：听力的分论点+听力的细节开头段框架:The reading and listening materials have a conflict of opinions about……The writers believe that ………...which is contradicted by the following lecture.（1）Conflict——>debate/argument/discussion/dispute/controversy（2）About——>concerning/regarding/as to/with regards to/pertaining to（3）Believe——>consider/deem/advocate/insist（4）Contradicted——>disagree/oppose/refute/retort每段框架表达句（1）The reading states that…….On the contrary, the lecture points out that….（2）Although it is said in the passage that…..The lecture holds the view point that…..（3）The passage maintains that…..However, professor offers a different idea about….（4）The writer contends that……..while the speaker views this issue from an oppo site angle.According to her/him…..（5）The author asserts that….Nevertheless, the speaker oppose this claim by saying that……（6）The passage argues that…..By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, the writer’s view does not hold water.综合写作框架：The reading and listening materials have a debate of opinions concerning that……The writers support that ………...which is opposed by the following lecture.First of all, the reading maintains that………However, the lecture points out that……Secondly, although it is said in the passage that ………., the speaker holds the view that……. Finally, the author asserts that ………..By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, the writer’s view does not hold water.综合写作注意点：1、阅读材料的论点和细节的关键信息都要写！2、重点写听力的内容（越多越好）3、要更加注意整体篇章的把握，不要过于注重细小的错误。

TPO12中心点：portrait of a teenage girl Reading:观点：support portrait of a teenage girl1、Austen’s family: gave permission, clearlyrecognized, has endorsed the claim奥斯丁家族：曾经授权用这幅画作为Jane的头像2、The face in the portrait :resemble the onein C’s sketch, still similar to ,are very much like画中人物的脸部：特征与成年Jane的脸很相像3、Period :links it to, hire ,was active , wasthe age of the girl画的创作时间：此画风格与另一个画家的画风很相似，该画家活跃的会见恰好是Jane正是少女Listening观点：Not at all convincing1、Family members: had been died , havenever seen ,not known奥斯丁家族：授权发生在Jane去世的70年之后，奥斯家族成员不可能见过Jane本人。

2、resemblance: could very well be that of arelative of A’s, very large , some of these teenage girls could resemble JA画中人物的脸部：奥斯丁家族很大，画中人物可能和Jane的脸部特征很相像的某个表亲。

3、Date : indicates, was sold, did not sellcanvases when JA was a teenager, started selling, clearly older画的创作时间：出售这幅画的画布的商家在Jane27岁的时候才开始售卖这种画布，所以这幅画在Jane年纪更大的时候创作的。

TPO 13中心点：selling and buying fossilsREADING观点: unfortunate both scientists and the general public1、The public: not allow the public toview their collections, lead to a decline in public interest in fossils私人买家收藏，人们看不到2、scientists : miss out on potentiallycrucial discoveries about extinct life forms, spend limitless amounts of money to acquire, cannot compete对科学家的研究不利：科学家资金有限，无哈和商家竞争，错失研究机会3、fossil: often destroy valuable scientificevidence, untrained or uninterested in carrying out the careful field work, pay no attention对化石本身不利：私人买家没有经过专业培训，队化石科研价值也不感兴趣，所以在发掘的时候，会破坏化石Listening观点：A outweigh D1、public: have greater exposure tofossils, available for purchase,low-level public institutions displaythem for the public没有对大众不利：化石交易使得更多化石进入市场，学校等机构可以购买并展览，大众有更多机会看到化石2、scientists: scientifically identified,performing detailed examinations and tests on the fossils, pass through the hands of scientific experts没有对科学家的研究很不利：化石交易需要先经过科学家的估价鉴定，于是科学家有更多机会做实验3、Fossil：go undiscovered ,aren’t thatmany fossil collecting operations, have more fossils being found没有对化石造成巨大的不利：化石交易确实造成了部分破坏，但是使得他们发掘了更多的化石TPO14议题：抢救性砍伐Salvage logging :remove, using阅读观点：Salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy分论点1：移除死亡的树木可以给更多新书腾出生长空间（decompose，make room）分论点2：可以避免死亡树木的病虫害，有利于森林的健康(suitable habitat for insects, minimize the danger ,contribute to the health)分论点3：可以利用仍然有价值的树木为工业提供木材，砍伐工作需要很多劳力，从而为当地创作就业（provide much wood, requires more workers, create additional job）听力观点：Result in serious longer term environmental damage. It’s economic benefits are also questionable.分论点1：死树在森林自然分解，为土壤增加新树生长需要养分（create right, enriches，suitable, lack ）分论点2：死树不一定会导致病虫害；在死树立栖息的鸟类和虫类对森林整体都是有利的（without causing major damage, do not provide habitats only for harmful insects, contributors to the long term health of the forests）分论点3：对经济效益也不是很大（1）移除有些死树需要昂贵的运输工具，成本太高，较难维持；（2）移除工作需要的是从外地聘请的有经验或受过训练的工人，所以很难对当地就业做贡献（small, don’t last long, using expensive to use and maintain, temporary, filled by outsiders with more experiencer training）TPO16阅读Main point: Science of archaeologywas faced with serious problems and limitations in Britain.Point 1:建筑工程破坏考古遗迹建设新的建筑时，挖地基，没有保护古迹valuable artifacts were lostPoint 2:考古项目缺乏资金支持（1）政府只支持少量重要遗迹项目（2）政府重点支持项目的转变导致资金缺少financial supportAre inadequate; a handful of the most important sites; changing government priorities brought about periodic reduction in funding.Point 3 : 考古学家的考古事业发展困难（1）工作职位少（2）考古只能成为没有收益的业余爱好difficult in career in archaeologyTo be found; never many positions available ; pursuing other career and contributing to archaeological research only as unpaid amateurs. 听力:Main point: New rules and guidelines were adopted; improved the situation. Point 1:before construction project start construction has to be examined; make a plan for preserving the archaeological artifacts by building around or by excavating and documenting themPoint 2: financial support by the construction(pay for the initial examination of the site; for all the work carried out under the preservation )->allowed researcher to study a far greater range of archaeological sites.Point 3: provide paid work for archaeologists(Examine the site for archaeologists value; draw up the preservation plan; process the data; write reports and articles)->increased the number of professional archaeologists in Britain（二）独立作文不要写缩略词，偏口语词e.g : isn’t,ad,wanna,gonnaI’ve =I have一、审题题型分类：1、支持反对型（单一观点）典型特征：题目给出唯一一个观点，要求考生支持或者反对，并给出理由审题技巧：题目中不含有任何比较类的成分e.g:【1.3】In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their money at a young age.【2.2】Those who keep their room clean and tidy are more likely to succeed in the future 2、对比解释型（双观点）典型特征：题目当中可能有AB两个观点，他们有时候是相互对立，有时候不是。