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帕金森病患者脑深部电刺激术后麻醉恢复期常见并发症分析要点

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方法对869例帕金森病行脑深部电刺激术的患者麻醉恢复期并发症发生情况进行回顾性分析。

结果患者麻醉恢复期的中位苏醒时间为15(0~30)min。

869例帕金森病患者并发症发生情况:高血压133例(15.3%),心律失常99例(11.4%),苏醒期躁动76例(8.7%),呼吸道梗阻24例(2.8%),术后恶心呕吐(PONV)18例(2.1%),低氧血症17例(2.0%),疼痛10例(1.2%),苏醒延迟10例(1.2%),寒战3例(0.3%),低血压1例(0.1%)。

1种并发症的发生率为26.8%(233/869),≥2种并发症的发生率为9.9%(86/869),总并发症发生率为36.7%(319/869)。

患者转出麻醉恢复室时改良Aldrete评分情况:≥9分849例(97.7%),≤8分20例(2.3%)。

结论帕金森病行脑深部电刺激术患者麻醉恢复期并发症有特殊性,要保持循环稳定、防止呼吸系统并发症和误吸的发生,针对性预防治疗可减少并发症发生率,改善预后。

【关键词】帕金森病;手术后并发症;电刺激;麻醉恢复期;回顾性研究Analysis on common complications during anesthesia recovery period after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease Wang Huiwen,Zhang Xuemei,Hou Chunmei,Fang Hui,Lyu Yumei,Han Ruquan.Department of Anesthesiology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing100050,ChinaCorresponding author:Han Ruquan,Email:ruquan.han@[Abstract]Objective To investigate the common complications during anesthesia recovery period after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease.Methods The complications during anesthesia recovery period after deep brain stimulation in869patients with Parkinson disease were retrospectively analyzed.Results The median recovery time during anesthesia recovery period was 15(0-30)min.The complications of869patients with Parkinson disease were hypertension in133 cases(15.3%),arrhythmia in99cases(11.4%),agitation in recovery period in76cases(8.7%), respiratory obstruction in24cases(2.8%),postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV)in18cases(2.1%), hypoxemia in17cases(2.0%),pain in10cases(1.2%),delayed emergence in10cases(1.2%),shivering in3cases(0.3%),and hypotension in1case(0.1%).The incidence of1complication was26.8% (233/869),the incidence of≥2complications was9.9%(86/869),and the total incidence ofDOI:10.3760/cma.j.jssn.1673-4904.2016.10.012作者单位:100050首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院麻醉科通信作者:韩如泉,Email:ruquan.han@complications was36.7%(319/869).In the869patients,the modified Aldrete score≥9scores when patients were removed away from the anesthesia recovery room was in849cases(97.7%),and≤8scores was in20cases(2.3%).Conclusions The common complications during anesthesia recovery period after deep brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease are special.To maintain a stable circulation,preventing respiratory complications and aspiration are important to reduce the incidence and improve the prognosis.[Key words]Parkinson disease;Postoperative complications;Electric stimulation; Anesthesia recovery period;Retrospective studies帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是常见的继发于基底神经节和黑质纹状体系统中多巴胺能神经元变性的运动障碍性疾病。

疾病早期药物治疗效果较好,随着病程的延长药效逐渐减退并引起严重并发症,脑深部电刺激术(deep brain stimulation,DBS)已成为中晚期帕金森病患者的首选外科治疗方法[1]。

手术通常需要在全身麻醉下完成,对这类患者麻醉恢复期并发症发生情况的研究较少,我们对此进行回顾性分析,现报道如下。

对象与方法1.研究对象:选取2009年3月至2016年6月在我院行全身麻醉下脑深部电刺激术的帕金森病患者869例,其中男476例,女393例;年龄32~81(61±9)岁;身高(165±7)cm;体质量(63±11)kg。

入选和排除标准:临床资料完整;帕金森病诊断明确,行全身麻醉下脑深部电刺激术治疗;排除不能准确进行各项评估的患者。

2.研究方法:患者在手术室完成气管导管拔除后进入麻醉后恢复室。

监测心电图、无创血压、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)等,给予持续管道吸氧,并实时记录各项参数。

观察患者意识、瞳孔、肢体活动、血压、心率、SpO2。

记录术后并发症:(1)呼吸系统异常:观察呼吸频率和潮气量,有无呼吸道梗阻,持续监测SpO2,SpO2<0.90并持续20s者为低氧血症。

(2)循环系统异常:高血压,血压高于术前基础值的25%或≥140/90mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);低血压,血压低于术前基础值的25%;窦性心动过速,心率>100次/min;窦性心动过缓,心率<60次/min;其他心律失常。

(3)其他指标:用数字等级量表(number rating scale,NRS)评价患者疼痛情况,4~6分为中度疼痛,≥7分为重度疼痛,中度疼痛以上者需给予镇痛药物治疗。

同时观察寒战、术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting,PONV)、苏醒期躁动和苏醒延迟等并发症的发生情况。

患者转出麻醉恢复室时行改良Aldrete评分。

结果患者麻醉恢复期的中位苏醒时间为15(0~30)min。

并发症:高血压133例(15.3%),心律失常99例(11.4%),苏醒期躁动76例(8.7%),呼吸道梗阻24例(2.8%),PONV18例(2.1%),低氧血症17例(2.0%),疼痛10例(1.2%),苏醒延迟10例(1.2%),寒战3例(0.3%),低血压1例(0.1%)。

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