第五周额外作业：外贸合同常用条款
1. Terms of Payment:付款方式：
(1) Letter of Credit: The Buyer shall, _______ days prior to the time of shipment/after this Contract comes into effect, open an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller. The Letter Of Credit shall expire ________ days after the completion of loading of the shipment as stipulated.
参考译文（1）信用证方式：买方应该在装运期前/ 合同生效后___ 日，开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤销信用证。信用证在按照合同装船完毕后___日内到期。
Copying structure: 买方应与____日前向装运时间/合同生效后，开出。。。。（语句不通，没有检查）
用词谨慎：（1）买方应该在装运期前（合同生效后）___ 日，括号不表示或者的关系，而是补充说明的关系，而装运期前不等于合同生效后；（2）买方、卖方混淆；（3）开具不可撤销信用证给卖方，勉强可以，但是出于慎重，还是要说明受益人，因为原文有强调
信用证到期后的xx天完成装船-错误；in favor of…按买方偏好，为了卖方利益-错误（普通词汇的专业意义）
卸货：unloading/ landing/ discharging of the shipment
irrevocable Letter of Credit 不可撤销信用证
开证银行开具的信用证可以是：
公开议付，即欢迎任何银行予以议付:
限定议付，即只限定指名由某一银行议付；
不许议付，即不许任何银行予以议付，只许由付款银行付款取单而且付款银行直接付款的对象仅限受益人。
议付信用证negotiation credit/ negotiation L/C ：指受益人可以自由选择到那家银行兑付(2) Cash on delivery (COD): The Buyer shall pay to the Seller total amount within_______ days after the receipt of the goods.
参考译文（2）货到付款方式（COD）：买方应在收到货物后______天内将全部货款支付给卖方。
货银对付DVP：delivery versus payment, 证券交易结算时证券产品与资金同时完成交收。（常用与证券交易中）
表达不准确：买方应在。。。支付给卖方所有的金额/ 付全额给卖方/ 将全额支付给卖方/ 所有贷款
不认真-COD：化学需氧量！！！！！
2. Terms of Shipment;交货方式
International Commercial terms published by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ：FOB（free on board）:船上交货，装运港船上交货。
常用于xxx（出发港）FOBxxx（目的港），指买方负责派船接运货物，货物超越船舷，风险即由卖方移至买方（买方须自费提供装运证明，并凭此通知卖方已经及时交付货物）
CFR/CNF：Cost and Freight (named destination port)
Seller must pay the costs and freight to bring the goods to the port of destination. However, risk is transferred to the buyer once the goods have crossed the ship's rail.
CIF：Cost, Insurance and Freight (named destination port)
Exactly the same as CFR except that the seller must in addition procure and pay for insurance for the buyer. Maritime transport only.
(1) FOB Delivery FOB交货方式/装运条款：
The Seller shall, 30 days before the shipment date specified in the Contract, advise the Buyer of the Contract Number, commodity, quantity, amount, packages, gross weight, measurement, and the date of shipment in order that the Buyer can charter a vessel/book shipping space. In the event of the Seller’s failure to effect loading when the vessel arrives duly at the loading port, all expenses including dead freight and/or demurrage charges thus incurred shall be for the Selle r’s account.
参考译文：卖方应在合同规定的装运日期前30天，通知买方合同号、商品（品名）、数量、金额、包装、毛重、尺码及装运日期，以使买方安排租船/ 订舱。装运船只如期到达装运港后，如卖方不能按时装船，所有因此发生的费用包括空船费和/或滞期费应由卖方承担。
the date of shipment：装运港可装日期，不太准确，也没有约定俗成的这么一个词；
离岸价交货：离岸价应该为FOB price
(2) CIF or CFR Delivery CIF/ CFR交货方式
The Seller shall ship the goods duly within the shipping duration from the port of loading to the port of destination. Under CFR terms, the Seller shall advise the Buyer by _________ of the Contract Number, commodity, invoice value and the date of dispatch two days before the shipment for the Buyer to arrange insurance in time.
卖方应按时在装运期限内将货物从装运港装船至目的港。根据CFR条款，卖方应在装船前2天以______方式通知买方合同号、商品号、发票价值及开船日期，以便买方及时安排保险。
Under CFR terms：在CFR术语项下，在CFR项下。