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白血病-淋巴瘤-骨髓瘤-MDS
急性白血病
(Acute leukemia)
一、临床表现
贫血 Anemia
AL
出血 Bleeding
发热 Infection
浸润 Infiltration 淋巴结、肝脾 骨骼和关节 眼部 口腔和皮肤 中枢神经系统白血病 睾丸
Clinical findings
Because of the proliferation of abnormal blast cells in the marrow,the normal cells in marrow are depressed. ➢Anemia ➢Bleeding
BCR/ABL
1.细胞形态学:骨髓象
Normal bone marrow
AML marrow
白血病细胞的染色图片示例
Auer小体
组织化学染色
FAB分类
FAB分类
FAB分类
2.免疫分型(immunology)
流式细胞术能快速、多参数、客观的定性又定量测定细胞 膜、浆及核的抗原表达。每一系列单抗>20%方可判断为阳 性,这是国内外通常认同的判断标准。
Granulocytic sarcoma is a tumor composed of myeloblasts or monoblasts. These tumors may be found in any location, especially the skin, gum, orbit, genitourinary tract(especially testis),central or peripheral nervous system. These tumors were originally called chloromas because of the green color imparted by the heavy concentration of the enzyme myeloperoxidase present in leukemic cells.
白血病
(Leukemia)
2016.11.7
讲授目的和要求
掌握白血病的临床表现、诊断
1
及治疗原则
熟悉分型
3
了解病因及流行病学情况
一、概念
是一类起源于造血干细胞的恶性疾病。其克隆中的白 血病细胞失去了进一步分化成熟能力而停滞在细胞发育的 不同阶段,使造血组织中白血病细胞大量增殖,伴其他器 官和组织的广泛浸润,导致正常造血受抑。
二、发病情况
➢ 年发病率2.76/10万; ➢ 儿童及35岁以下成人中恶性肿瘤死亡率第一位; ➢ 我国急性白血病:慢性=5.5:1,AML>ALL,儿童ALL多见。慢
性白血病中CML>CLL; ➢ 男性>女性;
三、病因和发病机制
不完全清楚,但不是单一因素引起 ➢ 生物因素 ➢ 物理因素:电离辐射 ➢ 化学因素 ➢ 遗传因素 ➢ 其它血液病:慢粒、真红、骨纤、MDS等
Clinical findings
➢Leukemic cells infiltrate organs and tissues
(1) Enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymphnodes.
(2) Bone and joint pain
(3) Granulocytic sarcoma
skin and gum:M4, M5
orbit: M3
(4) Central nervous system leukemia: ALL, M4, M5, M2
(5) Testis hypertrophy: ALL
二、MICM分型 历史
➢1976-1986 M(FAB type) ➢1986-2001 MIC type ➢2001-now MICM(WHO type)
Bleeding occurs in the skin and mucosal surfaces, with gingival bleeding, epistaxis, or menorrhagia. Less commonly, widespread bleeding is seen in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
M:morphology I:immunology C:cytogenetics M:molecular
二、MICM分型
形态学 (Morphology)
免疫学 (Immunology)
急性淋巴细胞白血病 (Acute lymphocytic leukemia ,ALL)
急性非淋巴细胞白血病 (Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia,ANLL)
或急性髓系白血病 (Acute myelogenous leukemia, AML)
髓系、淋系、系列非特异性抗原
细胞遗传学 (Cytogenetics)
M2 t(8;21) t(6;9) M3 t(15;17) M4 inv(16)
分子生物学 (Molecular biology)
AML1/ETO、PML/RAR、 CBF/MYH11、MLL abnormalites
免疫分型抗体系列
3.细胞遗传学 (cytogenetics)
主要检测白血病细胞染色体数目和结构异常。约 70~90%ALL有克隆性染色体异常核型的检测指导治 疗方案的选择和预后的判断。
成人AML细胞遗传学异常与预后
Clinical findings
➢Infection Infection is due to neutropenia.
gram-negative bacteria or fungi.
Common presentations include cellulitis, pneumonia, and perirectal infections. Septicemia in severely neutropenic patients can cause death within a few hours if treatment with appropriate antibiotics is delayed.