1. doi ng 的用法(1)在要求动词后 (作宾语)：avoid 避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge 承认/自认admit承认advocate 提倡/ 主张con sider 考虑can't help 不禁can't sta nd 受不了con template 纟田想complete 完成confess坦白dislike不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure扌苗绘/计算hate 讨厌imagine 设想involve 卷入/包含keep 保持miss令错过mention 说到/讲到mi nd 介意pardon 原谅/饶恕permit允许postpo ne 推迟practice 实行/实践preve nt阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate 忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes.The book is worth readi ng.The book deserves readi ng.(2)表进行Walk ing on the grassla nd, I saw a sn ake.=Whe n I was walk ing on the grassla nd, I saw a sn ake.The man speak ing En glish is T om. = The man who is speak ing En glish is Tom.(3)表主动The man speak ing En glish is T om = The man who speaks En glish is T om.=The man who spoke En glish is T om.Nobody dinks boil ing water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boil ing but the water that has boiled.(4)表伴随I sta nd outside wait ing for Mr. Chen.I lie in bed readi ng a no vel.(5)表性质；特点The film is very movi ng.She is un dersta nding, so you had better discuss your bus in ess with her.(6)概括性，一般性Climb ing mountain is very in terest ing.Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(概括性，一般性)Our work is servi ng the people .(7)动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词'S+动名词。
例如：Tom insisted on my going with them . 他坚持要我和他们一起去。
专业word可编辑He dislikes his wife's working late .他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
2. bei ng done 表示正在进行的被动The boy being criticized by Mr. Chen is Tom. = The boy who is being criticized by Mr. Chen is T om.Being criticized by Mr. Chen, the boy felt sad. = When the boy was being criticized by Mr. Chen, he felt sad.The buildi ng being built will be the tallest one in this city.=The buildi ng that is being built will be the tallest one in this city.3. having done 有先后动作表完成（一般用在句首）Having finished the class, I went home. = After I had finished the class, I went home.Having done the work, I had a short rest. = After I had done the work, I had a short rest.Having done the work, I went back home.Having been done, the work was checked by the leaders.4. having been done 用于句首；有先后动作表完成有先后动作表完成，（有过去时间或过去动作）I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.（要求动词后）=I appreciate that I was give n the opport unity to study abroad two years ago.Having bee n give n the opport unity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help the n.=Because I was give n the opport unity to study abroad two years ago, I still appreciate your help the nI appreciate having bee n give n the opport un ity to study abroad two years ago. ________I enjoy giving the opport unity to study abroad to Mr. Wang.I appreciate being given the opport unity to study abroad now.Having been finished, the report was turned in.= After the report had been finished, it was turned in.5. to do 的用法：（1）用在要求动词后：接to do的动词（作宾语）attempt 企图afford负担得起arrange 安排appear似乎，显得ask问agree同意believe 认为、相信begin 开始beg 请求bother 扰乱/烦恼care关心，喜欢choose 选择claim 要求consent 同意，赞同contrive 设法，图谋dema nd 要求desti ne 注定determ ine 决定dread 害怕desire 愿望decide 决定en able 能够expect期望endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厌恶happen 碰巧hesitate 犹豫hope希望intend 想要in cli ne 有••倾向long 渴望love 爱lear n 学习mea n 意欲，打算man age 设法n eglect 忽视n eed 需要omit 忽略，漏offer提供pretend 假装plan计划prefer喜欢/宁愿prepare 准备profess表明promise 承诺/允许propose 提议refuse拒绝swear宣誓start开始seek找/寻觅try试图undertake 承接volunteer 志愿vow 起wish希望want想要（2）表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作（做表语）。
Our work is to serve the people .The pers on to do the job is T om. = The pers on who will do the job is T om.To do two things at a time is to do neither ______ .一次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at o nee. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
. 专业word可编辑如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living . 工作就是为了生活。
女口果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happ in ess ，job，pla n ， problem ，purpose ，thing ，wish 等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future .他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The fun ctio n of Louis Sulliva n's architecture was to provide large unin terrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most importa nt thing is to n egotiate with them about the future of the pla nt省to的动词不定式1）情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）:2）使役动词let, have, make ;在被动语态中则to不能省掉。
The boss made them work the whole night. = They were made to work the whole night.3）感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。