EFFECT ON JAPAN’S PSYHOLOGY
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RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
Japan launches a surprise attack on a Russian concession in Manchuria
Battle of Tsushima Strait
Japanese fleet destroys Russian Pacific fleet in two hours.
Emissaries sent out to West to find best ways to do things: Britain: navy U.S.: factories and technology, education Germany: government
RAPID MODERNIZATION
UNIT 731
Cruel and barbaric medical experiments on Chinese prisoners and peasants Developed germ warfare weapons Doctors never punished
LEADERS – TOJO and YAMAMOTO
JAPANESE ATROCITIES
RAPE OF NANJING
GREATER EAST ASIA COPROSPERITY SPHERE
JAPAN AS AN AXIS POWER
Joins Germany and Italy in 1938
JAPANESE ATROCITIES – UNIT 731
THE JAPANESE EMPIRE
COMMODORE PERRY AND THE BLACK SHIPS
US sends Commodore Matthew Perry and a small fleet to open Japan to trade and diplomatic relations In 1854. Creates tumultuous period of change in Japanese society
AGGRESSION STEP 1 – MANCHURIA 1931
STEP 2 – INVASION OF CHINA 1937
Japan invades China; begins conquest Greatly angers US. First step toward World War II in Asia.
Looking for influence in China
SINO-JAPANESE WAR - 1895
Japan decisively defeats China; gains concessions in Manchuria
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR - 1905
Japan and Russia in conflict over influence in Korea and Manchuria. Japan claims Korea.
MEIJI RESTORATION - 1868
Young emperor takes over; ends era of shoguns Embarks on rapid modernization of all facets of Japanese life.
JAPAN’S MODELS FOR MODERNIZATION
TURNING POINT – BATTLE OF MIDWAY
AMERICAN BOMBING
All but four major Japanese cities bombed, incl. Tokyo. Many are fire-bombed, many civilians killed. Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally forces unconditional surrender of Japan Reluctance to surrender unconditionally for fear of losing emperor, also loyalty and honor.
WHY THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR?
JAPANESE VICTORIES - 1942
Surprise attack worked against Russia in 1905. Japan needed to neutralize American fleet in order to take over Southeast Asia with its resources. Philippines, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaya all fall. Singapore is worst defeat ever suffered by British Army. 150,000 prisoners taken by Japanese.
Japan feels cheated after World War I. New emperor – Hirohito Rise of fanatic nationalists and military societies
EMPEROR HIROHITO
Fanatical loyalty to emperor
JAPAN AND KOREA & TAIWAN
Japan makes Korea and Taiwan full colonies of its empire.
TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH
US President Theodore Roosevelt mediates.
1920s RISE OF MILITARISM