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MSI微卫星不稳定


hypermutable phenotype that occurs with loss of DNA MMR. Photomicrographs depict, in
order, normal colon, tubular adenoma, high-grade dysplasia, and cancer.
local environment and any germline genetic mutation that has been inherited. The damaged DNA provides a growth
advantage that drives tumor progression as successive clonal outgrowths are generated, ultimately forming carcinoma.
GASTROENTEROLOGY 2008;135:1079–1099
微卫星和微卫星不稳定
(Microsatellite instability,MSI)
➢基因组含有大量的碱基重复序 列,将1至4bp的串联重复称为微 卫星DNA(microsatellites, 又称为
简单重复序列,SRS)
MSI是指与正常组织相比,在肿瘤中某一微卫星由于 重复单位的插入或缺失而造成的微卫星长度的任何改变, 出现新的微卫星等位基因现象。
In FAP, tumor initiation is accelerated with the inheritance of a germline APC mutation; in Lynch syndrome, tumor
intitiation might be normal to slightly accelerated, but tumor progression is greatly accelerated due to the
热烈欢迎各位领导、同仁 莅临襄阳市中心医院
2020年11月12日
VER. 2020.1
目录
01 02
MSI概述
结直肠癌遗传分类/定义/与MMR关系/发生位置
临床意义
预后,化疗疗效,判断lynch综合征
03
检测方法
检测方法,结果分析
结直肠癌的发生过程
Fearon E R, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis.[J]. Cell, 1990, 61(5):759-67.
85%
CIN 染色体不稳定
2-3%
林奇综合征
胚系突变 MMR基因 MLH1,MSH2, MSH6,PMS2, EPCAM
13% 散发性MSI(+)
MLH1甲基化 BRAF 基因突变
<1% 家族性腺瘤息
肉病
胚系突变 APC
85%
散发
获得性突变 APC,P53,DCC, Kras,LOH
结直肠癌的遗传学变化
与MSI相关结直肠癌的特征
近端结肠
远端结肠
MSI型结直肠癌多发生在近端结肠; MSI型结直肠癌的肿瘤类型多为低分化和/或
粘液型组织病理学形态;
多发生于II期肠癌,少发于淋巴结阳性或III期 结直肠癌;且在IV期或转移性结直肠癌中较 为少见;
MSI多发生于女性患者,尤其是老年女性患 者(相对男性更常见)。
DNA甲基化或基因突变
单核苷酸型:AAAAAAAA.. 双核苷酸型:ATATATAT.. 三核苷酸型:ATCATCATC..
…….
DNA错配修复系统(MMR) 基因功能缺失
微卫星重复序列长度改变
MMR的功能异常导致MSI的发生
hMSH6蛋白功能缺失可能导致单碱基和双碱 基核苷酸缺失或插入,形成MSI-H
体细胞突变 家族性结直肠
息肉病 林奇综合征
Figure 1. Depiction of colorectal tumor progression in sporadic and high-risk genetic syndromes. The general paradigm
is that a tumor is initiated from a normal colonocyte stem cell that has sustained genetic damage over time due to the
High-fidelity of Five Quasimonomorphic Mononucleotide Repeats to High-frequency Microsatellite Instability Distribution in Early-stage Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Kanter M. EMAST is a Form of Microsatellite Instability That is Initiated by Inflammation and Modulates Colorectal Cancer Progression.[J]. Genes, 2015, 6(2):185-205.
hMSH3蛋白功能缺失可导致双碱基核苷酸和 EMAST,形成MSI-L
hMSH2/hMLH1/hPMS2 功能缺失易导致单、 双、四和五碱基核苷酸缺失或插入,形成 MSI-H 或MSI-L
Spectrum of microsatellite frameshift mutations based on DNA mismatch repair protein function. Loss of function of MSH3 encompasses EMAST and MSI-L. Mutation of the DNA polymerases, POLD1 and POLE, are found in hypermutable tumors but do not demonstrate microsatellite instability
结直肠癌病因分层
散发型(65%-85%) 罕见CRC综合征(<0.1%) 家族腺瘤性息肉病(1%) 遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌 (5%) 家族性结直肠癌(10%-30%)
Prevention and early detection of CRC,1996
结直肠癌遗传学变化
15% MIN(MSI+) 微卫星不稳定
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