Public Expectations
Arguments for and against social responsibility by businesses must be
◦ Serve customers better, enhance production, provide better information, etc.
E-Organizations
• E-commerce (sales side of electronic business): any computer transaction that occurs when data are processed and transmitted over the internet
The business world has fewer political boundaries, so managers must adapt to cultures, systems, and techniques that are different from their own
International Business
Globalization
• A boundaryless world comes with new challenges
– Managing in a country with a different national culture
– Biggest issue: perception of “foreigners”
• Transnational corporation (TNC) – company that maintains operations in more than one
country at the same time and decentralizes decision making about operations to the local country
• Parochialism – narrow focus to see things only through one’s own view; their business practice is the best
5 Dimensions of National Culture
Power distance Individualism versus collectivism Quantity of life versus quality of life Uncertainty avoidance Long-term versus short-term orientation
• Multinational corporation (MNC) – company that maintains significant operations in two or more countries at the same time but are
based in one home country
The affect of technology
In the past, all work was performed at the work site so it was easy for the manager to supervise and communicate with the workers
– Online shopping
• E-business: all activities included in a successful internet-based enterprise
• E-organization: applying e-business concepts to all organizations
Using technology
Technology = any equipment, tools or operating methods that are designed to make work more efficient
Integrate technology into a process for changing inputs into outputs
Today, telecommuting makes it possible for
employees to be located anywhere in the world Telecommuting = a system of working at home on a computer that is linked to the office
◦ Agriculture (until 1890s) ◦ Industrialization (1890-1960s) ◦ Information (1970s-present way of doing things
A global marketplace
GLOBE Dimensions
Nine dimensions on which national cultures are different:
◦ Assertiveness ◦ Future orientation ◦ Gender differentiation ◦ Uncertainty avoidance ◦ Power distance ◦ Individualism/collectivism ◦ In-group collectivism ◦ Performance orientation ◦ Humane orientation
管理学原理英文版课件Chapter 2 The Management Environment
Chapter 2
The Management Environment
Evolution of Modern Civilization
Modern civilization evolved over three “waves”: