语法专项突破专题四各具特色的句法第2讲定语及定语从句解题指导“缺什么，补什么”，准确选用关系词1.如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少主语，限制性定语从句中用who/that；非限制性定语从句用who2.如果先行词指人，定语从句中缺少宾语，限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom；非限制性定语从句用whom3.如果先行词指物，定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，限制性定语从句中用which/that；非限制性定语从句用which.4.如果先行词指时间或地点，定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语，定语从句中用when/where；如果从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，则用that/which。

5.不论先行词指人还是物，只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用whose6.如果先行词指人，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用whom，如果先行词指物，“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用which基础训练一、单选题1.Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her2.The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when3.The number of smokers, ___________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. itB. whichC. whatD. as4.She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that5.The only one in our office that is familiar with the new system is Jimmy, in _____ absence, we had no choice but to wait.A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. that6.Was it through Mary _____ was working at a high school _____ you got to know Tom?A. who; whomB. that; whichC. who; thatD. that; who7.Finding a time ______ suits everyone is going to be difficult.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. where8.The anti-epidemic fight is like a time-limited race _______ all medical care personnel make every effort to people's lives.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. where9.George Washington was born in 1732 in a rich family in_____ is now the state of Virginia.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. what10.We're listed some of the most famous flowers _____have a special significance.A. whatB. thatC. whereD. /11.Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom12.Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which13.He shouts when he gets angry, _________ is often the case.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. as14.I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A. asB. whyC. whenD. where15.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A. thatB. asC. whichD. when16.Covid-19, the most deadly virus in recent years, began to attack people at the beginning of this year, from ________effect people are still suffering.A. thatB. thoseC. whoseD. what17.Detectives are investigating the company, three of ________ senior executives have already been under arrest.A. itsB. whichC. thoseD. whose18.Henry hopes to find a job upon graduation ____his management skills can be put to good use.A. thatB. WhichC. howD. where19.On the top of the hill _____,_____the old man once lived.A. a temple stands there, in whichB. stands a temple, whereC. a temple standing, on whichD. does a temple stand, where20.Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons_____they were fond of_____ influenced their whole lives.A. which; thatB. that; whichC. which; whichD. that; that21.It is in the hall_____can house 10, 000 people _____the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.A. which; thatB. where; thatC. which; whoD. where; whom.22.— Why does she always ask you for help?— There is no one else _______, is there?A. who to turn toB. for her to turnC. for whom to turnD. she can turn to23.—When did you meet him?—It was on the day _________ his house was broken into.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. when24.When they went into the shop and asked to look at the engagement rings, the shop assistant brought out a cheap one, ________ she has arranged with James.A. which was thatB. what was thatC. which was whatD. that was that25.It was in that small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.A. that; whereB. which; thatC. which; whichD. that; which26.I suspect_____ Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning, _____ is why I am considering cancelling my account.A. that, whichB. that whatever, whichC. that what, thatD. /, that27.Ms Meng, CFO of Huawei, got arrested for no good reason in Canada, ________ caused great anger of the whole nation of China.A. thatB. asC. whichD. what28.Alexander Fleming noted that it was a dish_____he was trying to grow bacteria for an experiment ____looked abnormal.A. where; whichB. which; whichC. that; thatD. in which; that29.I don't like you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which30.The man took out a knife and made a mark ____ his sword was dropped, confusing the passengers on board.A. from whereB. whatC. on whichD. where一、单句语法填空1.People who seldom do sports or ________ diet is high in fat will put on weight quickly.2.Soon the children in the camp had many new friends, with ________ they shared food a stories.3.One of her jobs is to visit the countries ________ the UN operates programmes.4.This is the best novel ________ I have ever read.5.Below is the only idea ________ can help you out.6.As a teacher, I never give my students so difficult a problem ________they can't solve.7.She studied at Peking University, after ________ she went on to have her further study abroad.8.The film was ________ great success, ________ received several awards at home and abroad.9.The driverless cars will help reduce traffic accidents ________ are caused by human drivers' mistakes.10.It is no longer the place ________it used to be.11.He lives in a house, in front of ________stands a tall tree.12.The reason ________ he is always making the same mistake is that he never follows others' advice.13.The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, ________ can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions.14.Tom is the boy________ mother is our maths teacher.15.There was a time ________I hated to go to school.16.He wrote a letter________ he explained what had happened in the accident.17.Tell us the day ________ you are coming, and we'll prepare your room.18.The German Football Team left the World Cup halfway, ________ made its fans heartbroken.19.________ is reported, the activity is very successful.20.I bought a book ________ I think could help me with my grammar.21.I'm looking for a store ________ organic vegetables are sold.22.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ________ my classmates recommended to me.23.My parents always have a lot of farm work to do. They usually get up at five o'clock ________it's still dark.24.This is the pilot with ________ my brother has worked for ten years.25.The tourist wanted to book a room________ window faces south.26.This is the best way________ has been used against pollution.27.The reason________ I got a job was that I worked hard.28.Victims thank those ________ helped them rebuild after an earthquake in 2013.29.Jim passed the driving test, ________ surprised everybody in the office.30.The reason ________ you explained at the meeting was not sound.31.The little girl wrote a thank-you letter to the firefighter by ________ she was rescued.32.English is a language shared by several cultures, each of ________ sees it differently.33.Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed.34.You should pay more attention to the rainforest ________ I live and appreciate how the animals live together.35.They offered to send me to the airport, ________ I was very grateful for.36.I should say thanks to my dear friends, without ________help I wouldn't have achieved such great success.37.Life is like a race ________ we all compete with ourselves against time.38.The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of ________ was based loosely on the Beatles.39.Watch out! Don't get close to the building ________ walls are being painted.40.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere________his employees enjoy their work.41.He was chosen to attend the ceremony, ________made us proud of him.42.The woman, ________was attending the children, offered us a good meal.43.His theory is the basis on ________many theories about education are built.44.He has two sons, both of ________ are staying abroad.45.________ the Chinese saying goes, good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil.46.The person ________ the girl turned to for help worked as a senior school teacher.47.The old lady was visited by four lovely kids, ________ laughter made the empty big house come to life immediately.48.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.49. Gone are the days ________ surgery meant cutting a patient open. Modern medicine offers doctors less invasive tools to operate on disease-stricken bodies.50.语法填空Xiao Lei flew to London six months ago to study for a business qualification and it was the first time that she________ (leave) her motherland. Her preparation course is helping her to get used ________ the academic ________(require) of a Western university.Her tutor told her not to write ________other people had said without acknowledging them and that she should read________(difference) texts that contain various opinions and give her own. She had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare and how to ask ________ shopkeeper for things she didn't know the English for.________ (live) with a host family________she says, gives her chances to adjust to the new environment quickly. Besides, she has learnt a bit ________ (much) to balance her study and life. We wish her all the best and seek for a job ________ (success) after graduation.强化训练易错积累一、单句语法填空1.Kate, __________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.2.Self-driving is an area__________China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.3. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________he should be able to be independent.4.China Today attracts worldwide readership________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.5. The number of smokers, ________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6. I have made a habit of saying "Thank you" to those ________offer their seats to the fellow passengers on public transport.7. At Pets Corner, we have always tried to apply an honest and moral approach to everything ________we do.8. Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to ________you are traveling.9. It was a time________my family was going through financial difficulties.10. This is such a place________all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.真题演练一、单句语法填空1. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.2. Many westerners __________come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.3. But Sarah, __________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.4. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, __________it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.5. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on TV show in the mid-1980s, __________I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.6. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __________lived from roughly 551 to 479B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.模拟冲关一、单句语法填空1. In the following years, there were fewer drop-outs and more college graduates in my village, __________ I am proud of even today.2. Being in a big, busy building in a country _________I could not speak the language made me nervous, but as I found my way, I gained confidence.3. The report has also drawn criticism, with some scientists arguing that the data on _________it is based is not wide and representative enough to generate a single number for the decline of wildlife worldwide.4. After some time, when both of you have renewed your confidence in each other, go back to the time___________you nearly fell apart5. Badaling is the most famous of the five sections __________lie near Beijing and can be accessed easily.6. Beijing Opera has a history of 200 years, ____________origin can be seen as old local operas, especially Anhui Opera.7. The teen,__________is black and only speaks some basic Chinese, has been praised by teachers since he picked up the music as kindergartener.8. In addition, due to people's awful impression of the smoking people, the habit will limit our social network, ________will finally lead to loneliness.9.___________is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.10. The products, several of _________have been recently introduced, seem to be well accepted.语法填空A bridge is structure built 1._________(cross) river, road, valley and so on. Designs of bridges differ depending2.__________ the function of the bridge and the nature of the land where the bridge is constructed.The first bridges 3.___________(make) of wooden logs. Most of these early bridges were poorly built and could rarely support heavy weights. It was this inadequacy that 4.___________(lead) to the development of better bridges. The arch was first used for bridges by the Roman Empire, some of 5.___________still stand today.The oldest surviving arch stone bridge in China is the Zhaozhou Bridge, 6.___________(date) back to the Sui Dynasty. The great bridge expert Mao Yisheng once said that 1,300 years was enough to prove the completeness of its entire structure. The bridge is complex yet elegantly constructed. Taking in the whole view, you will find it a single-arch bridge. However, it is actually a vertical combination of twenty-eight 7.___________(arch). The two smaller spans(桥拱) in the shoulders of the bridge is a 8.___________(create) invention in the history of the bridge construction, giving the stone bridge a 9.___________(fair) pretty design.This bridge will continue to stand there not only as a tourist attraction 10.___________a treasure for everyone to enjoy.基础训练答案一、单选题1.【答案】C2.【答案】A3.【答案】D4.【答案】A5.【答案】B6.【答案】C7.【答案】A8.【答案】D9.【答案】D10.【答案】B 11.【答案】B12.【答案】A13.【答案】D14.【答案】C15.【答案】D16.【答案】C17.【答案】D18.【答案】D19.【答案】B20.【答案】D21.【答案】A22.【答案】D23.【答案】D24.【答案】C25.【答案】B26.【答案】B27.【答案】C28.【答案】D29.【答案】A30.【答案】D一、语法填空1.【答案】whose2.【答案】whom3.【答案】where4.【答案】that5.【答案】that6.【答案】as7.【答案】which8.【答案】a；which9.【答案】which/ that10.【答案】that11.【答案】which12.【答案】why13.【答案】which14.【答案】whose15.【答案】when16.【答案】where17.【答案】when18.【答案】which 19.【答案】As20.【答案】which/that21.【答案】where22.【答案】which23.【答案】when24.【答案】whom25.【答案】whose26.【答案】that27.【答案】why28.【答案】who29.【答案】which30.【答案】that/which31.【答案】whom32.【答案】which33.【答案】whose34.【答案】where35.【答案】which36.【答案】whose37.【答案】where38.【答案】which39.【答案】whose40.【答案】where41.【答案】which42.【答案】who43.【答案】which44.【答案】whom45.【答案】As46.【答案】whom47.【答案】whose48.【答案】whose49.【答案】when50.【答案】had left；to；requirement；what；different；a；Living；as；more；successfully强化训练答案易错积累：1.whose 2.where 3.when 4.which 5.as 6.who 7.that 8.which 9.when 10.as真题演练：1.that/which 2.who/that 3.who 4.where 5.when 6. who模拟冲关：1.which 2.where 3.which 4.when 5.which/that 6.whose 7.who 8.which 9.As 10.which语法填空：1.to cross 2.on/upon 3.were made 4.led 5.which 6.dating 7.arches 8.creative 9.fairly 10.but。