第十六章国际商事合同责任以及免责条款翻译（课堂讲练）
教学目标：掌握有关国际商事合同责任以及免责条款的翻译方法。
课堂教学
概述
在国际商事合同通过违约以及侵权条款，就违约或侵权情形进行约定后，需要进一步约定发生违约或侵权情形以后，违约方承担责任的具体形式与范围，同时，双方也可能就免责事项进行约定，一旦出现免责条款规定的情形或条件，即可排除或者限制一方当事人全部或者部分的合同责任，这实际上约束了合同他方当事人要求该方履行合同义务的权利。
课堂讲练
例1、Each Party hereby agrees to indemnify, hold harmless the other Party against any claims, suits, losses, or costs arising out of any actual or alleged breach or failure to comply with any provisions hereof.
参考译文：
合同各方在此同意，如一方实际违约或被指控违约或未遵守本合同任何规定，引起任何索赔、诉讼、损失，应由该方赔偿另一方，使其免受损害。
常用表达方式：
（1）、”indemnify someone against/from”: “promise to pay someone an amount of money if he suffers any loss“，是指“保证赔偿某方可能受到的损失或伤害“。
如：The Party in breach shall indemnify the innocent Party against/from any losses or disbursement(“expense”) the innocent Party may incur arising out of the breach.
（2）、” indemnify someone for”, “to pay someone an amount of money because of the damage or loss that party has suffered”,是指“赔偿某方已受到的损失或伤害，为某方受到的损失或伤害做出赔偿“。
如：The infringer shall indemnify the holder of patent right for the losses incurred by the right holder arising out of the acts of infringement on the patent.
（3）、”indemnify and hold harmless someone against/from ”: 两者经常连用，与”indemnify someone against/from”意义相同，所以在汉译英时，可以省去”hold harmless”，但英译汉时，可译为“使不受或免受损失或损害“。
例2、Party A hereby indemnifies, hold harmless and defend Party B against any claims, losses, expenses, costs or damages asserted against Party B by any third party in case that the know-how delivered in the form of drawings, data or documents infringes on the right of trade secret or patent of that third party; provided that Party B shall (a) immediately notify Party A of said assertions as they come to its awareness;(b) authorize Party A to conduct the defense of said claims; and (c) follow Party A’s instruction to cease use of the know-how, which, by Party A’s judgment, is likely to constitute an infringement on that third party’s right of trade secret or patent.
参考译文：
甲方在此表示，如其以图纸、数据或文件形式交付的专有技术侵犯了第三方商业秘密权利或专利权，导致第三方向乙方提出索赔，要求赔偿损失、开支或损害赔偿金，甲方应赔偿乙方，使其免受损失并为其答辩，但乙方应（1）、在获悉前述主张时立即通知甲方；（2）、授权甲方进行针就前述索赔进行的答辩；（3）、遵照甲方指示，停止使用经甲方判断有可能侵犯该第三方商业秘密权或专利权的专有技术。
词语辨析：
“infringement”and “tort”
“infringement”，通常表示对“知识产权的侵权行为“，如”patent infringement”,” copyright infringement”, “trademark infringement”, ” infringement of/ on intellectual property”,被侵权人（infringee）可以向侵权人（infringer）提起侵权之诉（infringement litigation/action）。
如：Party A filed an action against Party B in respect of Party B’s infringement of patent right of utility models.
“tort”, 泛指侵权（行为），指“私法上对人身、人格或财产权利的侵犯”（a wrongful act or omission for which damages can be obtained in a civil court by the person wronged）。The law of tort provides protection for interests such as reputation, personal freedom, title to property, commercial interests and so on. 其针对的对象如：” tort against property”, “tort against reputation”, “tort against personal freedom”,” tort against the person”,对此，可以针对侵权行为人（tortfeasor）提起侵权之诉（tort action），其类型大致有：”tort of negligence”（过失侵权）, “tort of intention”（故意侵权）等。如：The woman filed an action against the tort affecting her reputation resulting from the defamation committed by her colleague.
例3、除非法庭另做判决或发出命令，你方应在我方提出要求时，就你方未履行任何本信贷协议下义务而产生由我方承担的损失、费用（包括但不限于法律费用）、开支或责任，向我方做出赔偿，使我方免受损失。
参考译文：
You shall, upon demand by us, indemnify us against any losses, fees (including but not limited to legal fees), expenses or liabilities sustained by us as a consequence of the occurrence of any non-performance by you of any of your obligations under the Credit Documents, unless otherwise judged or ordered by the court.
例4、Each Party hereto release and discharge the other Party from all claims, allegations, actions and demands arising out of the Claim asserted by a third party and existing in the term of this Agreement, including but without limitation to any liability for legal costs arising out of the subject matter under the Claim.
参考译文：
合同双方免除和解除另一方因第三方该主张引起，并在本协议存续期间产生的全部索赔、指控、诉讼和要求而应承担的责任，包括但不限于承担因该主张涉及的标的引起的法律费用责任。
常用表达方式：
“release and discharge the other Party from…”, 表示”免除某方的责任/义务“。
如：Party A hereby release and discharge Party B from any costs, charges, damages, losses incurred by Party A arising from the breach of this Sales Contract by Party B.
例5、Party B hereby agrees that Party A or its employees shall not be liable to Party B for any actions, damages, claims, liabilities or losses arising out of the services performed under this Agreement for an aggregate amount exceeding the Service Fees paid by Party B to Party A for the services provided by Party A.