Unit One: Scቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱence
• Lecture: Features of English for Science and Technology (EST)
Teaching Objectives:
• • • • digest the features of EST concept of pure sciece & applied science systematic branches of science promises and problems of modern science • broaden horizon in S&T and arouse interest
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.1 vocabulary：scientific terminology
magnetic tape 磁带 disks 磁盘 terminals 终端 input device 输入装置 medium 媒体 key-board 键盘 tape drive 磁带机 disk drive 磁盘驱动器 printer 打印机 CRT display screen 阴极射线管显示屏 PS：CRT（Cathode Ray Tube） cathode: 阴极 anode: 阳极
Outline
• • • • • • • Ⅰ. EST Ⅱ. Features of EST 2.1 vocabulary 2.2 grammar 2.3 style Ⅲ. Text : Pure and Applied Science Ⅳ. Extended reading: Branches of Science
demanding
Assessment
• 30% + 70%
• attendance • class performance • assignments
final exam
Recommended Books
1. 科技英语----中国学生专业英语应用指南， 肯·陈（Ken Chen）、许忠能，清华大学出版 社，2009年8月。 • 2. 科技英语阅读与翻译，刘金龙、谷青松，国 防工业出版社，2013年3月。 • 3. 科技英语词语用法词典，卢思源，上海外语 教育出版社，2004年12月。
EST TRANSLATION
by Charmaine Yan
Lead-in
Not boring as it seems
• • • • • • • • • • Macro: enhance international communication in S&T learn advanced S&T from developed countries boost Chinese economy Micro: career as a translator researchers in S&T text reading in TEM-8 graduation thesis broaden horizon as to be another Professor 都 敏俊xi (encyclooaedia)
Ⅲ. Text : Pure and Applied Science Metal-fatigue: 金属疲劳是指一种在交变应力作用下，金 属材料发生破坏的现象。机械零件在交变 压力作用下，经过一段时间后，在局部高 应力区形成微小裂纹，再由微小裂纹逐渐 扩展以致断裂。疲劳破坏具有在时间上的 突发性，在位置上的局部性及对环境和缺 陷的敏感性等特点，故疲劳破坏常不易被 及时发现且易于造成事故。
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.2 grammar ④ infinite verb： past participle/infinitive/gerund e.g. The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provides the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory. PS: memory card (内存卡)
Ⅳ. Extended reading: Branches of Science
Science physical S earth S life S
physics/chemistry/astronomy geology paleontology oceanography meteorology biology: botany zoology genetics medicine
Ⅲ. Text : Pure and Applied Science Organisation of the text: • • • • • Para 1: raise a question Para 2: pure science Para 3: applied science Para 4: interrelationship/correlation Para 5: conclusion
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.2 grammar ⑤ long and compound-complex sentences 逻辑清晰严密， 结构紧凑。
多个简单句 复合句 并列复合句 e.g. 10 (page 4)
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.2 grammar ⑥ logical connectives e.g. 11 (Page 5) words: circuit arithmetic operation subtraction/multiplication/division exponentiation
Requirements
• • • • • preview before class dictation of scientific terminology/week comprehensive dictation/unit extended reading after class homework on time
• 2.1 vocabulary：scientific terminology e.g.
• Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use magnetic tape, disks, and terminals. The computer's input device (which might be a key-board, a tape drive or disk drive, depending on the medium used in inputting information)reads the information into the computer. For outputting information, two common devices used are a printer which prints the new information on paper, or a CRT display screen which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Ⅰ. EST
• Categories: natural science & social science • writing style (genre): academic treatise/ paper/ lab report/specification of patented product
Ⅱ. Features of EST
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.2 grammar ① nominalized structure: abstract noun & infinite verb (非限定动词/非谓语动词：分词、不定式、 动名词) e.g. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use magnetic tape, disks, and terminals.
Some of the most common methods that input information are to ...
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.2 grammar ① nominalized structure: abstract noun & infinite verb (非限定动 词/非谓语动词：分词、不定式、动名词)
Ⅱ. Features of EST
• 2.2 grammar ② tense: timeless present generally exceptions: past tense & present perfect tense
科技发展史、科技报告、 科技报刊杂志（关于科学和科学家的新闻报 道）
Ⅱ. Features of EST
Excercises
• Quiz: Page 6 (1-6) • EST & Literary language----Page7 • 1. EST • 2. Literary language <The Bridges of Madison County> • 3. EST • 4. Literary language <Sister Carrie>
• 2.2 grammar ③ passive voice commonly (objective) first object(客体)， then subject(主体) Note：E-C 注意语态的转换和主体的增补。 e.g. Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. 人们认为计算机有许多神奇的功能。