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英文合同的分析

英文合同的分析

一、序言部分

(一)签约方:

1、税收方面的影响

2、识别对方是那个国家的公司

(二)签约背景

通常由WHEREAS开头:BECAUSE OF A PARTICULAR FACT THAT HAS BEEN CONSIDERED

例如:中国法律规定,中国海洋石油公司具有海洋石油勘探开发专营权

例如:在一个烟花炮竹的购买合同中,甲方销售,乙方购买。因为甲方具有烟花炮竹经营许可证,并且愿意向对其有购买意向的乙方出售这些烟花炮竹。

如果标的物是一个独家代理经营的产品,则whereas 部分要加上whereas A is the sole and exclusive agent for GOODS 类似的表述。

实践中Whereas 条款的规则

1、Whereas 条款模糊不清,主文条款清楚,优先考虑主文条款

2、Whereas条款清楚,主文模糊不清,优先考虑前者

3、两者都很清楚,但有冲突,优先考虑主文条款

4、如果两者都不清楚,解释的时候应当考虑主文条款

Fitness for purpose:

例如:买方购买铺设在地下的油管,如果是用于铺设在北方冻土层下的油管,则必须在合同中明确指出该购买的油管用于铺设在北方冻土层下面,因为铺设在冻土层下面的油管有特殊的工艺要求,如果买房没有明确指出这个目的,即使卖方提供的货物根本不能用于铺设在北方的冻土层下面,也可能被视为完全履约。

为了产生不必要的争议,买方可以在合同主文条款部分直接草拟一条有关本合同目的的条款,并且在卖方义务部分要求卖方提供的货物必须满足本合同目的,

(三)签约时间

一般没有约定生效时间的,除了法律规定要经过审批或登记才生效的,签约时间就是生效时间。

(四)签约地点

涉及到谁纳税的问题

二、主条款

定义

1、形式要相同。对时间的约定要明确:例如英国特有的银行日。

2、对定义的表述,往往要概述加列举。概述部分必须要和前面的列举具有可比性。Eg: all income tax, business tax, corporation tax, profit tax and any other duties ,charges ,fees or taxes arising out of or in connection with this agreement shall be born by sellers.

All duties ,charges ,fees or taxes arising out of or in connection with this agreement ,including

income taxes ,business tax, corporation tax, profit tax, shall be born by the seller.

以上两种表述方式存在差别,对于Inspection fees 承担主体就不清楚该由谁来承担。

3、不属于定义的部分不要放在定义下。

4、关联公司的定义。在知识产权转让协议中,在价格一定的情况下,转让方希望能够接触

到所转让的知识产权的关联公司越少越好,受让方则相反。在股权买卖中,可能涉及优先购买权的问题,如果关联公司范围越广泛,卖方的选择面也越大,更容易获得有利于自己的售价。

5、Indemnity and warranty 区别

如果是Indemnity 作为标题,货物出现瑕疵,买方必须先进行维修,然后向卖方索赔该维修所花费用。

如果是warranty 作为标题,当货物出现瑕疵时,买方可以直接起诉卖方违反该条款。

注:英文合同的一个重要原则是合同解释不吸收外来证据,即合同解释只依据合同本身措辞,而不会根据合同之外的证据来解释。

(二)声明和保证条款

声明和保证条款应当视客户的具体决定而定。

英国法认为,合同的解释应该within four corners of the contract

(三)具体权利义务条款(operative terms and conditions)

(四)term

(五) 终止termination

合同终止分为自然终止和人为终止。

合同自然终止,除了像合营企业协议(joint venture agreement)这样早合同结束后会产生股份转让等义务外,其他合同一般不会继续存在任何实质性的合同义务和权利。

Either party hereto may terminate this agreement immediately at any time upon the occurrence of any of the other party.

The liquidation or receivership of the other party

The making of an assignment for the benefit of creditors of the other party

The inability of the other party to pay its debts as they become due

The other party ceasing or threatening to cease trading .

Either party may terminate this agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other party.

重大标准(materiality threshold)

在英国法下,即使在合同中规定,只要任何一方稳翻该合同中的任意条款,另一方均有权解除该合同。但是在实践中,通常会有重大标准。

只有存在毁约性违约(repudiatory breach)

有法官认为这条款过于宽泛。因此在合同中通常会加上

“the effect of which is material”(whether or not such breach would otherwise qualify as a repudiatory breach under the common law ) and which is either incapable of remedy ,or if remedy is not remedied within 30 days of service of notice by the party not in breach requiring remedy.

要注意终止合同权利的生效时间。例如破产解除,那破产是一个很漫长的过程,到底是申请破产时解除还是拿到破产令时解除,应当予以明确。

(六)保密(confidentiality)

对于已经为公众掌握的信息不属于保密信息,起算点一般以披露之日起算,不是签订之日。(七)违约

1、预期违约赔偿金(liquidated damages)

是合同双方对违约损失的一种真实估计,是合同方在签约时对某种违约行为可能造成的损失的一中预期,在某种程度上也是对违约一方的责任起到了限制作用。

预期违约赔偿金还有一个作用就是对双方都不太确定的风险问题设置一个安全阀。

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国际贸易合同中英文对照版 英文进口合同范本- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Purchase Contract 合同编号(Contract No.): _______________ 签订日期(Date) :,,,,,,,,,,_ 签订地点(Signed at) :,,,,,,,____ 买方:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The Buyer:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 地址: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Address: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 电话(Tel):___,,,,,,,, 传真(Fax):,,,,,,,,,, 电子邮箱(E-mail):,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 卖方:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The Seller:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 地址:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Address: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,_, 电话(Tel):_,,,,,,,, 传真(Fax):,,,,,,,,,,, 电子邮箱(E-mail):,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, 买卖双方同意按照下列条款签订本合同: The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below:

中英文合同(标准版)范本

Both parties jointly acknowledge and abide by their responsibilities and obligations and reach an agreed result. 甲方:___________________ 乙方:___________________ 时间:___________________ 中英文合同

编号:FS-DY-20628 中英文合同 建筑合同architecture confirmation 甲方:party a:乙方:party b: 合同编号:contract no 日期:date: 签约地点:signed at: 特约定: 甲方基于下文所列各种因素,特与乙方达成了协议并一致同意:由甲方在订约日期之翌日起_____天之内为乙方建造并完成_____(涉约建筑)。涉约建筑之规模及所需的钢筋、水泥、砖块、石子和其它建筑材料之数量,均在作为合同附件的设计图和施工细则中予以说明。 witnesses that the party a for considerations hereinafter named, contracts and agrees with the party b that party a will, within_____ days, next following the date hereof, build and

finish a libarary building for party b. (the building hereinafter is referred to as the said building.)the said building is of the following dimensions, with reinforced concrete, brick, stones and other materials, as are described in plans and specifications gereto annexed. 基于上述情况,乙方及其法定代表郑重承诺向甲方支付人民币_____元整。支付方法商定如下: in consideration of the foregoing, party b shall, for itself and its legal representatives, promise to pay party a the sum of one million rmb yuan in manner as follows, to wit: 在上述工程开工之日,支付人民币_____元整 在_____年_____月_____日,支付人民币_____元整 在_____年_____月_____日,支付人民币_____元整 在_____年_____月_____日,支付人民币_____元整 在_____年_____月_____日,支付人民币_____元整 余额人民币_____元整于工程完成之日付清。 rmb_____at the beginning of the said work. rmb_____on _____/ _____/_____(for example:3/21/XX)

翻译合同样本(完整版)

翻译服务协议书 甲方:__________________________________________________ 乙方:__________________________________________________ 依据《中华人民共和国合同法》规定,本着诚实信用、平等互利的原则,甲乙双方就甲方资料翻译服务一事,达成协议如下: 第一条:翻译内容 乙方将甲方提供的文件中的英文翻译为中文;具体文件以甲方给乙方的纸质文件或者电子版文件为准。 乙方应保证翻译人员的专业性和翻译稿件的准确性,认真做好翻译校对工作; 乙方按照甲方的文件格式进行排版,最终翻译稿以电子文件的方式提供给甲方。 乙方应保证其翻译稿件质量:忠实原文、译文准确。 第二条:翻译期限及费用 计价方式:按照翻译完成的中文(字符数不计空格)进行计价。 本次翻译单价为,翻译费总金额为:元整。 翻译文件的交稿期限为:年月日。 甲方在签订合同当日支付翻译预付款元。 交稿时付清其余所有款项即元。甲方向乙方开具正式发票。 第三条:责任条款 如因甲方原因推迟提供给乙方翻译稿件或翻译的相关资料时间,受到的损失甲方承担。 甲方如对乙方译稿有异议,甲方有权在取稿之日起30日内,向乙方提出书面修改意见,乙方

应按甲方要求在规定的时间内免费进行修改,直至甲方满意为止。 如乙方在翻译质量和完成工期方面不符合合同要求,甲方有权中止合同并视为乙方违约,乙方应退还甲方预付款,另外赔偿甲方预付款的作为违约金。 在乙方无违约的状况下,甲方应按约定及时付款,否则乙方有权要求甲方支付延迟付款天数乘以翻译费用总额作为赔偿;翻译进行过程中,如甲方提出中止翻译,预付金不予退回并按照已翻译文件比例支付相应翻译费。 第四条:其他条款 乙方应考虑甲方翻译内容的保密性。另签署的保密协议作为本协议的一部分,具有法律效力。 本协议未尽之事,双方协商解决; 本协议一式二份,传真件有效,甲乙双方各执一份,自双方盖章之日起一年内有效。 甲方(盖章):乙方(盖章): 负责人(签字):负责人(签字): 联系电话:传真:联系电话: 地址:地址: 签字日期:年月日签字日期:年月日

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subject to the following conditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品,条件如下: Herein:in this。此中,于此。 例句:The minimum royalty herein specified shall be paid by Party B to Party A. 在此规定的最低特许权 使用费应由乙方付给甲方。 Hereinafter: later in the same Contract. 以下,在下文。通常与to be referred to as, referred as, called 连 用。 例句:This Agreement is made and concluded on ______, (date)____(year), by and between _____(hereinafter called Party A) on the one hand and _____(hereinafter called Party B) on the other hand. 本协议书于____年___月___日由_____(以下简称甲方)为一方,与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方 签订。

英文版外贸合同(中英文对照版)

外贸合同 Contract( sales confirmation) 合同编号(Contract No.): _______________ 签订日期(Date) :___________ 签订地点(Signed at) :___________ 买方:__________________________The Buyer:________________________ 地址:__________________________Address: _________________________电话(Tel):___________传真(Fax):__________ 电子邮箱(E-mail):______________________ 卖方:___________________________The Seller:_________________________地址:___________________________Address: __________________________电话(Tel):_________传真(Fax):___________ 电子邮箱(E-mail):______________________

买卖双方同意按照下列条款签订本合同: The Seller and the Buyer agree to conclude this Contract subject to the terms and conditions stated below: 1. 货物名称、规格和质量(Name, Specifications and Quality of Commodity): 2. 数量(Quantity): 允许____的溢短装(___% more or less allowed) 3. 单价(Unit Price): 4. 总值(Total Amount): 5. 交货条件(Terms of Delivery) FOB/CFR/CIF_______ 6. 原产地国与制造商(Country of Origin and Manufacturers): 7. 包装及标准(Packing): 货物应具有防潮、防锈蚀、防震并适合于远洋运输的包装,由于货物包装不良而造成的货物残损、灭失应由卖方负责。卖方应在每个包装箱上用不褪色的颜色标明尺码、包装箱号码、毛重、净重及“此端向上”、“防潮”、“小心轻放”等标记。 The packing of the goods shall be preventive from dampness, rust, moisture, erosion and shock, and shall be suitable for ocean transportation/ multiple transportation. The Seller shall be liable for any damage and loss of the goods attributable to the inadequate or improper packing. The measurement, gross weight, net weight and the cautions such as "Do not stack up side down", "Keep away from moisture", "Handle with care" shall be stenciled on the surface of each package with fadeless pigment. 8. 唛头(Shipping Marks): 9. 装运期限(Time of Shipment):

TRANSLATION AGREEMENT(翻译合同英文版)

编号: TRANSLATION AGREEMENT(翻译合同英 文版) 甲方: 乙方: 签订日期:年月日

合同签订注意事项 一、甲乙双方应保证向对方提供的与履行合同有关的各项信息真实、有效。 二、甲乙双方签订本合同书时,凡需要双方协商约定的内容,经双 方协商一致后填写在相应的空格内。 三、签订本合同书时,甲方应加盖公章;法定代表人或主要负责人应本人签字或盖章;乙方应加盖公章;法定代表人或主要负责人应本人 签字或盖章。 四、甲乙双方约定的其他内容,合同的变更等内容在本合同内填写不下时,可另附纸。 五、本合同应使钢笔或签字笔填写,字迹清楚,文字简练、准确,不得涂改。 关键词:英文版;合同;TRANSLATION;AGREEMENT

Party A:_________ Address:_________ Party B:_________ Address:_________ Both parties of Party A and Party B have signed the Translation Service Contract based on the principle of friendly cooperation and mutual development. The artic les are as follows: 1.Party A entrusts Party B with the translation ser vice. Party A shall provide legible documents in time a nd give clear requirements and control the translation quality of Party B. 2.Party B shall complete the translation work in ti me and deliver the translation by printed hard copy and a relevant disk within the agreed date (with the exce ption of the delay caused by Force Majeure). Details a bout the delivery time will be discussed between the tw o parties. For the urgent request, the delivery time w ill be discussed accordingly between the two parties. 3.Party B shall keep confidentiality of any documen ts provided by Party A and can not disclose to the thir

英语合同的语言特征及翻译

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