病理生理学pathophysiology
水纳代谢
低渗性脱水Hypotonic dehydration
高渗性脱水Hypertonic dehydration
等渗性脱水（Isotonic dehydration
水中毒Water intoxication
水肿（Edema
隐性水肿recessive edema
钾代谢障碍
低钾血症Hypokalemia
高钾血症Hyperkalemia
超极化阻滞Hyperpolarized blocking
去极化阻滞Depolarized blocking
酸碱紊乱
挥发酸volatile acid
固定酸fixed acid
代谢性metabolic
呼吸性respiratory
酸中毒acidosis
碱中毒alkalosis
乳酸性酸中毒（lactic acidosis
酮症酸中毒（keto-acidosis
缺氧
缺氧hypoxia
低张性缺氧（hypotonic hypoxia
血液性缺氧（hemic hypoxia
循环性缺氧（circulatory hypoxia
组织性缺氧（histogenous hypoxia
发绀（cyanosis
贫血性缺氧（anemic hypoxia
高铁血红蛋白血症（methemoglobinemia
发热
发热Fever
过热（Hyperthermia
发热激活物（Pyrogenic activator
内生致热原（Endogenous Pyrogen EP
休克
休克Shock
多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS 弥散性血管内凝血
全身性Shwartzman反应（general Shwartzman reaction,GSR
心功能不全Cardiac Dysfunction
心律失常Arrhythmia
心室重塑Ventricle remodeling
向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy
离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy
体循环淤血Systemic congestion
肺循环淤血Congestion of pulmonary circulation
劳力性呼吸困难Dyspnea on exertion
端坐呼吸Orthopnea
肺功能不全
呼吸功能不全(respiratory insufficiency
等压点（isobaric point, IP
功能性分流(functional shunt
静脉血掺杂venous admixture
解剖分流anatomic shunt
真性分流true shunt
急性呼吸窘迫综合征Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ARDS
慢性阻塞性肺部疾病Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy
肝功能不全Hepatic dysfunction
肝性脑病（Hepatic Encephalopathy, HE
内源性肝性脑病（Endogenous HE
外源性肝性脑病（Exogenous HE
肾功能不全Renal Insufficiency
急性肾功能衰竭（Acute Renal Failure，ARF
氮质血症（Azotemia
健存肾单位假说（Intact nephron hypothesis
矫枉失衡假说（Trade-off hypothesis
少尿Oliguria
夜尿nocturia
多尿（polyuria
内生肌酐清除率（clearance of creatinine。