病理生理学名词中英文对照病理生理学pathophysiology脑死亡brain death水电解质代谢紊乱脱水dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration 水中毒water intoxication水肿edema全身性水肿anasarca酸碱平衡紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB 实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB缓冲碱buffer base, BB 碱剩余base excess,BE临终关怀hospice care滤过分数filtration fraction潴留retention低钾血症hypokalemia反常性酸性尿paradoxical acidic urine高钾血症hyperkalemia反常性碱性尿paradoxical alkali ne urine阴离子间隙anion gap, AG 代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lactic acidosis 酮症酸中毒keto-acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosispreoptic anterior hypothalamus POAH稽留期 盐水反应性碱中毒 sali ne-resp on sive alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒 sali ne-resista nt alkalosis 双重性酸碱失衡 double acid-base disorders 呼吸性碱中毒 respiratory alkalosis缺氧缺氧 hypoxia血氧分压 partial pressure of oxygen PO 2 血氧容量 oxygen binding capacity, CO 2max 血氧含量 oxygen content, CO 2 低张性缺氧 hypotonic hypoxia 乏养性缺氧 hypoxic hypoxia 发纟甘cyano sis 血液型缺氧 hemic hypoxia 等张性缺氧 isotonic hypoxia 周期性呼吸periodic breat 发热 发热fever 视前区下丘脑前部 内毒素 en dotox in ，ET 致热原pyrogen 中杏仁核 medial amygdaloid nucleus 碳氧血红蛋白 carboxyhemoglob in ，HbCO 高铁血红蛋白 methemoglobin ，HbFe 3+OH 肠源性发纟甘 en teroge nous cyano sis 循环性缺氧 circulatory hypoxia 低动力性缺氧 hypokinetic hypoxia 缺血性缺氧 ischemic hypoxia组织性缺氧 histogenous hypoxia 氧利用障碍性缺氧 dysoxidative hypoxia 高原肺水肿 highaltitude pul monary edema过热 hyperthermiafastigium应激腹中隔ventral septal area VSA 前列腺素prostaglandin, PG 热限febrile ceiling应激stress良性应激eustress 劣性应激distress 交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympathetic-adre nal medulla system去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine, NE应激性溃疡stress ulcer肠易激综合征irritable bowel syn drome, 糖皮质激素glucocorticoid , GC蓝斑locus ceruleus 边缘系统limbic system室旁核paraventricular nucleus抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone, ADH 急性期反应蛋白acute phase protein AP下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统hypothalamus-pituitary-adre nal cortex system HPA缺血-再灌注损伤缺血-再灌注损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI缺血后适应postconditioning氧自由基oxygen free radical黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthine oxidase, XO 黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine dehydrogenase XD 呼吸爆发respiratory burst氧爆发oxygen burst脂质过氧化lipid peroxidation钙超载calcium overload 心肌顿抑myocardial stunning再灌注心律失常reperfusi on arrhythmia 胀亡on cosis休克休克shock虚脱collapse脓毒性休克septic shock微循环衰竭期microcirculatory failurephase无复流现象no-reflow phenomenon过敏性休克anaphylactic shock 脓毒症sepsis 低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock 血管源性休克vasogenic shock 微循环microcirculation 一氧化氮nitric oxide，NO休克代偿期ischemic ano xia phase 休克失代偿期decompe nsatory stage 淤血性缺氧期stag nant ano xia phase 白细胞滚动rolli ng全身炎症反应综合征systemic inflammatory response syndrome SIRS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory 休克肺shock lung distress syndrome ARDS多器官功能障碍综合征mutilple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS抗凝血平衡紊乱纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator, PA弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC裂体细胞schistocyte微血管病性溶血性贫血microa ngiopathic hemolytic an emia低输出量性心力衰竭 low output heart failure 高输出量性心力衰竭 high output heart failure 心室重塑 ventricular remodeling 离心性肥大 eccentric hypertrophy 颈静脉充盈 engorgement of neck vein 肺水肿 pulmonary edema心功能不全 心功能不全 cardiac insufficiency 心力衰竭 heart failure 前负荷 preload 容量负荷volume load 后负荷afterload压力负荷 pressure load呼吸困难dyspnea劳力性呼吸困难 dysp nea on exerti on 向心性肥大 concentric hypertrophy心性哮喘 cardiac asthma夜间阵发性呼吸困难 paroxysmal no ctur nal dysp nea 端坐呼吸 orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸衰竭 respiratory failure低氧血症型呼吸衰竭 hypoxemic respiratory failure 伴有高碳酸血症性低氧血症呼吸衰竭hypercap nic respiratory failure限制性通气不足 restrictive hypove ntilatio n吸气性呼吸困难 in spiratory dysp nea阻塞性通气不足 obstructive hypove ntilati on 呼气性呼吸困难 expiratory dysp nea 弥散障碍 diffusion impairment通气与血流比例失调ven tilati on-perfusi on imbala nee功能性分流fun eti onal shu nt 解剖分流an atomic shu nt静脉血掺杂venous admixture 真性分流true shunt死腔样通气dead space like ventilation急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPDCO2麻醉carb on dioxide n arcosis肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy肝功能不全肝功能不全hepatic insufficiency 肝昏迷hepatic coma肝功能衰竭hepatic failure 扑翼样震颤asterixis肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy HE氨中毒学说ammonia intoxication hypothesis假性神经递质学说false n eurotra nsmitter hypothesis苯乙醇胺phe ny letha no lam ine 羟苯乙醇胺octpam ine氨基酸失衡学说ami no acid imbala nee hypothesis芳香族氨基酸aromatic ami no acid, AAA GABA 学说GABA hypothesis支链氨基酸branched chain aminq BCAA 肝肾综合症hepatorenal syndrome HRS肾功能不全肾功能衰竭renal failure肾功能不全renal insufficiency急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure, ARF 功能性肾功能衰竭fun ctio nal renal failure 慢性肾功能不全chronic renal failure, CRF 肾前性氮质血症prere nal azotemia尿毒症uremia 肾性急性肾功能衰竭in trare nal failure肾前性急性肾功能衰竭prere nal failure器质性肾功能衰竭pare nchymal renal failure肾小管细胞和间质细胞损伤学说tubular and in terstitial cells lesi on hypothesis急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis ATN肾后性急性肾功能衰竭postre nal failure 多尿polyuria肾后性氮质血症postre nal azotemia 氮质血症azotemia少尿oliguria 健存肾单位假说intant n ephr on hypothesis 无尿anuria 矫枉失衡学说trade-off hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltrati on hypothesis夜尿nocturia 咼磷血症hyperphosphatemia等渗尿isothenuria 高钾血症hyperkalemia低渗尿hyposthenuria 肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy血浆氮质尿blood urea nitrogen, BUN 肾性高血压renal hypertension钠依赖性高血压sodium-depe ndent hyperte nsion 肾素依赖性高血压renin-depe ndent hyperte nsion 肾性贫血renal anemia终末期肾功能衰竭end-stage renal failure ESRF尿毒症性脑病uremic en cephalopathy尿素霜urea cream。