– 智力与能力是指成功地解决某种问题（或完成任务） 且表现出良好适应性的个性心理特征。
Origins of Intelligence Testing
Alfred Binet developed an objective test that could classify and identify developmentally disabled children. – He designed age-appropriate test items. – His test computed average scores for normal children at different ages.
device to all persons, in the same way, under the same condition.标准化是指在同一条件下对所 有人、以同样的方式实施测验。
Intelligence Assessment
Intelligence智力
Definitions of intelligence :
– Criterion validity效标效度, or predictive validity预测效度: correlation between a test’s scores and his or her score on some other standard, or criterion, associated with what the test measures.
What is assessment
Psychological assessment is the use of specified testing procedures to evaluate the abilities, behaviors, and personal qualities of people.
Reliability信度
Reliability is the extent to which an assessment instrument can be trusted to give consistent scores.信度是指某一测量 工具能够得出一致分数的程度。 – Test-retest reliability重测信度: a correlation of scores derived bythe same individual(s) at different times – Parallel forms平行/复本信度: correlation of scores derived by using different forms of the same test – Split-half reliability分半信度: correlation between different halves of the same test
– Construct validity结构效度
Norms and Standardization 常模与标准化
Norms and Standardization
– Norms are typical scores or statistics. – Standardization is the administration of a testing
Featur A test score is interpreted as an estimate of current performance, not as a measure of innate intelligence.
– Scores identify children needing special help. Binet did not want scores to stigmatize children.
• Mental age (MA)心理年龄—measure of an individual’s level of mental development
• Chronological age生理年龄— the number of years since birh
Origins of Intelligence Testing
Chapter 9
Intelligence and intelligence assessment
Outline
What is assessment Intelligence assessment Theories of intelligence The politics of intelligence creativity Assessment and society
Validity效度
The validity of a test is the degree to which it measures what an assessor intends it to measure.测验的效度是指 测验能够测得的它所要测定的东西的程度。
– Face validity表面效度 :the topic of measurement is clear to those being tested
Basic Features of Formal Assessment 正式测量的基本特点
Formal assessment procedures should meet three requirements:
– Reliability信度 – Validity效度 – Standardization标准化
– Intelligence is a very general mental capability that involves the ability to reason,plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, and learn from experience.