抓斗起重机智能控制系统设计
Thesis in detail after analyzing the principle of grab crane automatically open and close a pipe, and puts forward the principle and the physical meaning of moving coordinate method. New PLC control system use the absolute value encoder automatically tracking detection grab lifting, opening, difference between the length of the rope, can realize the function of automatic open and close, sink to catch. Thesis research has significant practical value.
3、小车运行机构
用于托运抓斗及重物顺着桥架作“纵向”运动。也由电动机、制动器、减速装置和车轮等组成。
4、起升开闭机构
用于拖动重物作上升或下降的起升运行。由电动机、减速装置、卷筒和制动器、抓斗等组成。抓斗起重机的控制中以起升开闭机构的控制最为复杂,它不仅要考虑相对较多的控制任务,而且还要考虑机构运行的安全性。
Thesis finally to the whole research is summarized, and the future research direction discussed.
Keywords:crane, programmable controller, frequency converter, the absolute value encoder, fault display.
抓斗起重机智能控制系统设计
1 抓斗起重机原理
1.1 抓斗起重机简介
抓斗起重机是一种用来起重、放下和搬运重物、散料,并使重物、散料在短距离内水平移动的起重、搬运设备,常用来装卸煤、水泥、灰、矿砂等物,是工矿企业、货运港口、装卸码头生产过程中不可缺少的一种起重、搬运设备。
抓斗起重一般由桥架、大车运行机构、小车运行机构、起升开闭机构等构成[1]。
This thesis mainly studies the grab crane intelligent control. Using advanced programmable control technology, frequency converter and the absolute value encoder to replace the traditional electrical control mode, can improve the work efficiency of grab bucket crane, decrease the grab crane failure rate, reduce maintenance costs, greatly reduce the maintenance work, easy operation, so as to realize automation, reduce artificial operation, reliable operation, and energy saving effect.
本论文主要研究抓斗起重机的智能控制。运用先进的可编程控制技术、变频器和绝对值编码器取代传统的电气控制方式,可以提高抓斗起重机的工作效率,减小抓斗起重机的故障率,降低维修费用,使维修工作量大大减少,操作变得简单,从而实现半自动化操作,减少人为的操作事故,运行可靠,并具有节能效果。
论文在详细分析抓斗起重机自动开闭斗的原理之后,提出了游动坐标法的原理及物理意义。新的PLC控制系统利用绝对值编码器自动跟踪检测抓斗起升、开闭钢丝绳的长度差值,实现自动开闭、沉抓的功能。论文研究具有明显的实用价值。
抓斗是起重机的重要部件,主要是由两个颚板1、一个下横梁2、两个支撑板3和一个上横梁4组成[2],如图1.1所示。
图1.1 抓斗起重机结构简图
抓斗的操作过程可分为四个步骤:(1)降斗,张开的抓斗下降到物料堆上。这时抓斗的开闭绳组S1和起升绳组S2以相同的速度放出,但在抓斗下降过程中,抓斗自重主要由起升绳组S2来承受,以免抓斗在下降过程中自动关闭:(2)闭斗,这时抓斗以插入物料堆,起升绳组S2保持不动,而开闭绳组开始卷上,迫使颚板闭合,并抓取物料:(3)升斗,抓斗抓满物料后,起升绳组S2和开闭绳组S1以同样的速度卷上,直到抓斗提升到预定高度为止;(4)开斗,抓斗运行到卸载地点的上空,开闭绳组S1放松,起升绳组S2保持不动,并承受整个抓斗的重量,这时颚板在自重、下横梁以及斗中物料重量的共同作用下张开,即卸出物料。然后抓斗又保持张开状态进入第二个工它由下列部件构成:
(1)主梁。用于铺设供小车运行的钢轨。
(2)端梁。在主梁的两侧,用于和主梁连接并承受全部载荷。
(3)走台。在主梁外侧,为安装和检修大、小车运行机构而设。
2、大车运行机构
用于拖动整台起重机顺着作“横向”运行(以驾驶者的坐向为准)。由电动机、制动器、减速装置和车轮等组成。
编号:099290141095
本科毕业设计
题 目:抓斗起重机智能控制系统设计
学 院:机械工程学院
专 业:机械设计制造及其自动化
年 级:09机制二班
姓 名:陆红亮
指导教师:王利辉
完成日期:2013.05.27
抓斗起重机智能控制系统设计
摘要:随着现代工业的迅速发展,电子计算机的广泛应用,系统工程、优化工程、创造性工程、人机工程等现代化理论的发展,大大加快了现代工业的发展进程,使社会生产力又跃上了一个新水平。当今世界工业生产,由于市场竞争的需要,生产方式由单一品种的大批量向着多品种的变批量方向发展。30年代以来,物料搬运技术仅指的是各类起重运输设备,而90年代的物料搬运系统逐渐增加了许多自动化内容,包括自动识别、自动导向、自动计数、自动称重等。目前世界销售市场对起重机械的需量正在不断增加,从而使国外各种制造单轨抓斗起重机企业在生产中更多地采用优化设计、机械自动化和自动化设备去提高劳动生产率,这对世界销售市场、制造商和用户都产生了巨大的影响。有关调查资料表明,65%的起重机械用户主要是为了提高生产率、减少劳动工资,因而要求采用先进的起重机设备的用户便越来越多。近年来,美国因制造技术、质量问题和价格昂贵等原因,降低了其在世界上的竞争能力;联邦德国德马克公司(DEMAG),由于实行了生产技术振兴,解决了提高生产的工艺手段,以占优势的新产品来保持其发展的优势,该公司1985年研制成DH系列电葫芦,1990年又研制了DK新系列电葫芦,其制造的电动葫芦双梁起重机有一半以上供出口,产品在国际市场上声誉比较好,销路甚广。
论文最后对整个研究进行了总结,并对今后的研究方向作了展望。
关键词:起重机;可编程控制器;变频器;绝对值编码器;自动开闭斗
Grab crane intelligent control system design
Absteract:With the rapid development of modern industry, the wide application of electronic computer, system engineering, optimize engineering and creative engineering, man-machine engineering, etc. The development of the modernization theory, greatly accelerated the development of modern industrial process, make the social productive forces and onto a new level. In today's world of industrial production, due to the need of market competition, the mode of production from single varieties of mass toward the many varieties of variable mass direction. Since the 30 s, material handling techniques only refers to all kinds of lifting transport equipment, and in the 90 s content gradually increased a lot of automated material handling system, including automatic recognition, automatic guide, automatic counting, automatic weighing, etc. Worldwide sales of hoisting machinery market demand is increasing, so that the foreign manufacture monorail grab crane enterprise in production and more optimization design, mechanical automation and automation equipment to improve labor productivity, the sales market to the world, manufacturers and users are generating huge impact. Relevant survey data show that 65% of users hoisting machinery is mainly in order to improve productivity, reduce labor wages, lifting equipment and therefore require the use of advanced users will more and more. In recent years, the United States because of manufacturing technology, quality problems and expensive, reduces its ability to compete in the world; The federal republic of Germany's mark company (DEMAG), due to the introduced production technology, has solved the improve production process, the dominant new products to maintain its development advantages, the company developed into a 1985 DH series electric hoist, in 1990 and developed a new DK series electric hoist, the manufacturing of electric hoist double beam crane has more than half of them for export, product reputation in the international market better, have broad market.