专题7阅读理解IV：篇章结构（测试时间：45分钟）1.【2020届山东省淄博市高三下学期一模】The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun pro duction is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coff ee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)t hat depend on the trees’flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threat ens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests’plant and animal life,an d the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain disease s.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually the world’s groundwater.Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could m ean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world’s climate,and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to ai r pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的)soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.15.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?BD【答案】15.A【文章大意】随着现代科技的发展，树荫下种植的咖啡产量越来越少，取而代之的是受到阳光暴晒的咖啡。

这种生产咖啡的方式影响了人们生活的方方面面，破坏了当地的生态环境，影响了全球的生态平衡。

【推理关系】题干Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?☞文章内容本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。

因此本文是“总——分——总”结构。

【答案】本文的第一段提出观点，其后的第二、三、四段分别从不同角度进行具体论证，最后一段是总结段。

因此本文是“总——分——总”结构。

☞A选项2.D【2018北京西城区高三一模】Ownership used to be about as straightforward as writing a cheque.If you bought something,you owned it.If it broke,you fixed it.If you no longer wanted it,you sold it or threw it away.In the digital age,however,ownership has become more slippery.Since the coming of smartphones,consumers have been forced to accept that they do not control the software in their devices;they are only licensed to use it.As a digital chain is wrapped ever more tightly around more devices,such as cars and thermostats,who owns and who controls which objects is becoming aproblem.Buyers should be aware that some of their most basic property rights are under threat.The trend is not always harmful.Manufacturers seeking to restrict what owners do with increasingly complex technology have good reasons to protect their copyright,ensure that their machines do not break down,support environmental standards and prevent hacking.Sometimes companies use their control over a product’s software for the owners’benefit.When Hurricane Irma hit Florida this month,Tesla remotely updated the software controlling the batteries of some models to give owners more range to escape the storm.But the more digital strings are attached to goods,the more the balance of control leans towards producers and away from owners.That can be inconvenient.Picking a car is hard enough,but harder still if you have to dig up the instructions that tell you how use is limited and what data you must give.If the products are intentionally designed not to last long,it can also be expensive.Already,items from smartphones to washing machines have become extremely hard to fix,meaning that they are thrown away instead of being repaired.Privacy is also at ers become terrified when iRobot,a robotic vacuum cleaner,not only cleans the floor but also creates a digital map of the inside of a home that can then be sold to advertisers(though the manufacturer says it has no intention of doing so).Cases like this should remind people how jealously they ought to protect their property rights and control who uses the data that is collected.Ownership is not about to go away,but its meaning is changing.This requires careful inspection.Devices,by and large,are sold on the basis that they enable people to do what they want.To the extent they are controlled by somebody else,that freedom is compromised.47.What benefit does it bring to customers if companies control the ownership of products?A.It provides them with knowledge to prevent hacking.B.It gives them the chance to be protected from danger.C.It enables them to own the copyright of the products.D.It helps them know more about complex technology.48.The underlined words“that freedom”in the last paragraph refer to the freedom to_____.A.control other peopleB.share the ownershipC.inspect devices at any timee devices as one wishes49.The author may agree_____.A.customers should buy fewer digital devicesB.producers should control property rightsC.property rights need to be protectedD.better after sales service is required50.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionA. B.C. D.【答案】47.B48.D49.C50.A【解析】所有权过去就像写支票一样简单。