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第7讲 翻译技巧（三）: 词序调整
词序又称语序，指的是句子中各个词或成分排 列的先后次序。词序对于汉语这一典型的分析 型语言至关重要。而现代英语也基本上趋于成 为一种分析型语言。因此，语序的作用同样举 足轻重。
英汉语言中主要成分的语序大体一致。但是， 由于表达习惯和排列规则上存在的种种差异， 两种语言在词序方面还有许多不同之处，这就 要求在英汉翻译中对词序加以必要的调整，以 便使译文更加通顺、自然。 （1）I cannot bear the sight of that man. 原译：置状语调整为前置状语 7.2.2 一个句子中同时出现几个状语时的词 序调整 7.2.3 一个句子中同时出现两个（或更多的） 时间状语
(8) They had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here.
7.1.1单词后置定语词序的调整
一些表示时间、地点的副词 （ 9 ） He was born on July 29, 1976 but unfortunately his father died the day before in an unprecedented earthquake. (10) The strong dollar abroad has reduced exports and increased imports. (11) The sentence below is so worded as to be misleading. (12) The social system there has undergone great changes for the past few years. (13) The neighbours upstairs came to his rescue and drove him to the hospital.
7.1.2 两个或两个以上前置定语词序的调整
(23) The theoretical maximum value is unattainable. (24) This system was equipped with programmed digital automatic controller. (25) The property is of fundamental spiritual and cultural value to such countries.
词序调整不仅是使译文更加符合该语言表达习 惯的重要技巧，而且有时也是避免译文产生歧 义而引起误解的必要手段。 (2) It is a document which must be considered as positive support for the Second United Nations Development Decade. 原译：这个文件必须被看作是对第二个联合国 发展十年的一种积极支持。
7.1.1单词后置定语词序的调整
(17) She can see nothing remarkable in her boss. (18) Everybody present was deeply moved. (19) They have done everything possible to improve the controlling system.
7.1.4 定语从句词序的调整
英语中的定语从句无论是限制性的还是非限制 性的，一般均置于所修饰的中心词之后。译成 汉语时，往往将（较短的）限制性定语从句译 为前置定语，较长的或非限制性定语从句则须 视具体情况，根据汉语的表达习惯，大多置于 中心词之后，译成平列分句或独立的句子。
7.1.4 定语从句词序的调整
7.2 状语词序的调整
在英语句子中，状语是个十分复杂的句子成分， 可由单个副词、短语、从句担任，用以表示行 为动作的时间、地点、方式、手段、原因、结 果、目的等。英语状语的位置远比定语更加灵 活多变，可以位于句首、句尾、谓语动词的前 后等等。译成汉语时，有些可以保持其原有次 序，但是在更多的情况下，需要对原文中的状 语位置加以调整。
7.1.2 两个或两个以上前置定语词序的调整
两个或两个以上的形容词（或名词）共同修饰 一个中心词时，通常中英文都可放在中心词之 前，并且都趋于将意义愈具体的修饰语安排得 愈靠近中心词，但是这种前置定语在两种语言 中的基本排列规则差异迥然。 一般而言，英语中这种前置定语词序安排的基 本原则是：由范围小的到范围大的、由次要的 到重要的、由程度弱的到程度强的、由一般到 专有。然而，汉语的情况则往往相反。因此英 汉翻译时经常需要对原文中这类定语的词序加 以调整。
7.1.1单词后置定语词序的调整
一些以 -able 或 -ible 结尾的形容词 （3）This is the only reference book available here on the subject. （4）The work obtainable equals that expended. （ 5 ） Engine revolution should not exceed the maximum permissible.
Contents
7.1. 定语词序的调整
7.2. 状语词序的调整
7.3. 插入语词序的调整 7.4. 倒装句词序的调整
7.5. 并列成分的词序调整
7.1 定语词序的调整
英语中的定语种类繁多、形式不一。相比之下， 汉语中定语的形式与种类并不如此繁多，其位 置相对也比较单一。英汉翻译时，有时可以保 持定语在原文句子中的次序，但是在许多情况 下，需要加以必要的调整。
7.1.1单词后置定语词序的调整
修饰由some, any, no, every 等构成的不定代词 的定语 (14) To design means to make the drawing of something new according to a plan. (15) If there is anything wrong with the car, call for maintenance. (16) He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work.
(34) Everything that is around us is matter. (35) It may call the attention of the Security Council to situations which are likely to endanger international peace and security. (36) He was one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem.
7.1.2 两个或两个以上前置定语词序的调整
(20) The solution is to globalize major Australian corporations. (21) All competent university scientists should be supported to do work of their own choice. (22) They endeavour to produce more and better products to meet the growing home and world market needs.
7.1.4 定语从句词序的调整
(37) The time when we can make use of atomic energy has come. (38) Those who did not die from smallpox usually carried scars on their faces for life. (39) This is the very hotel where they spent their honeymoon.
7.1 定语词序的调整
7.1.1单词后置定语词序的调整 7.1.2两个或两个以上前置定语词序的调整 7.1.3中心词兼有前置定语和后置定语时定语词 序的调整 7.1.4定语从句词序的调整
7.1.1单词后置定语词序的调整
英语中一些以单词构成的后置定语译成汉语时， 一般置于所修饰的中心词之前，这类后置的单 词定语主要包括： 一些以 -able 或 -ible 结尾的形容词 一些表示时间、地点的副词 修饰由some, any, no, every 等构成的不定代 词的定语
7.1.3中心词兼有前置定语和后置定语时定语词序的调整
(30) Another common error connected with words consists in confusing a word or a name with a fact. (31) APEC too will face different problems arising from growing up. (32) To lift something is the easiest possible way to give something energy. (33) Another important factor to be considered in choosing the place is the availability of coal in ample quantities.
7.1.2 两个或两个以上前置定语词序的调整
practical social activities a small round wooden table a big white stone building the two good-natured, old, English gentlemen some sour green eating apples a powerful, industrial, socialist country