6.1.1 名词转译成动词
其他名词转译成动词 英语中有些名词尽管不具有明显的动作含义，但 有时转译成汉语动词不仅有效地保持了原意，而 且能使译文更加自然通顺。 (32) A fire in the neighbor’s house can easily bring disaster to everyone. (33) Differences between the social systems of states shall not be an obstacle to their contact and cooperation.
6.1.1 名词转译成动词
动名词和由动词派生的名词往往转译成动词
(12) No other changes occur upon mixing the two compounds (13) In handling the materials of history, each act of selection is also an act of judgment. (14) The engine has given a constantly good performance. (15) Military bases are a serious obstacle to the achievement of independence by the colonial people.
6.1.1 名词转译成动词
6.1.1 名词转译成动词 英语中许多含有动作意义的名词和由动词派生 的名词以及其他一些名词经常可以转译成汉语 的动词。
具有动作含义的名词转译成动词 (6) He was accused of neglect of his duties. (7) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
6.1.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
此外，英语中不少的短语介词同样具有动作、 行为意义，这些短语介词汉译时，也往往转换 成动词。 (42) Before long his thoughts were centred on the use of air as the working fluid, instead of steam. (43) In view of human history this could be a slight enough hope.
.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
(44) The work at the weather observation stations goes on regularly without any interruption, in spite of any weather conditions.
LOGO
第 六 讲 翻译技巧（二）： 词类转换
Contents
6.1. 转换成汉语动词 6.2. 转换成汉语名词
6.3. 转换成汉语形容词
6.4. 转换成汉语副词
在忠实于原文的前提下，根据译入语的行文习 惯，适当进行词类转换（即将原文中属于某种 词类的词译成译语的另一类词），能使译文通 顺达意、自然流畅。
6.1.1 名词转译成动词
(22) I am afraid I cannot teach you to operate the machine, but Tom will be a good teacher for you. (23) The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings. (24) The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors. (25) Talking with his young neighbor, the old man was the forgiver of the young man’s past wrong doings.
(1) Those small factories are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of raw materials. 原译：那些小厂还是原材料极大的消耗者和浪费 者。 (2) My clothes are a witness to my poverty. 原译：我的衣服是我贫穷的目击者。
6.1.1 名词转译成动词
在习语化短语动词中作中心词的名词往往转 译成动词 英语中有大量习语化的短语动词，其中心词是 名词，译成汉语时，一般可以转换成动词。 (26) The lecturer gave an excellent picture of the living conditions in Africa. (27) Anyone who has had a look at an old radio set will remember the large, heavy vacuum tubes and other components.
词类转换是英汉翻译中不可或缺的变通手段， 是突破原文词性束缚、避免貌合神离的硬译死 译，使译文准确、通顺、易懂的有效方法。 并不意味着词类转换可以随心所欲，而必须遵 循忠实于原文意义、使译文自然流畅、通顺易 懂的原则。
6.1 转换成汉语动词
英语动词远比汉语动词用得少。一个英语句子 （单句）往往只用一个限定性动词作谓语，而 在一个汉语句子中却可以出现几个动词。 (5) For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods. 我们在二十年中坐视原材料价格下跌与工业品 价格暴涨。
6.1.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
英语中介词与（及物）动词在句法特征上具有 共性，即两者都可以带宾语。实际上，不少介 词就是由动词演变而来的，并且仍带有明显的 动作含义；还有一些介词虽不直接源于动词， 在一定的上下文中同样具有动词意义。这些经 常带有动作意味的介词，翻译时宜根据具体情 况转换为汉语动词。
6.1.1 名词转译成动词
(28) A baby has no knowledge of good and evil. (29) He made no mention of your suggestion at the meeting. (30) Take a taste of the newly produced watermelon. (31) Tom took a final look at his lovely hometown.
6.1.1 名词转译成动词
由动词加后缀 -er或 -or构成的名词转译动词 英语中有些带后缀 -er或-or的名词， 有时在句中 并不用来指某人的身份或职业，而是带有较强的 动作含义,一般宜转译为汉语动词。 (19) Some of my classmates are good singers. (20) That well-known scientist was a great lover of literature when he was a child. (21) He was a voracious reader, spending much of his days and evenings devouring books.
(45) Metals can be welded by means of heat produced by a current.
6.1.3 形容词转换成动词
英语形容词不少可以转译成动词。这种形容词 大体包括两类：一类主要是由动词派生（或转 换）而来，大多能引申出动作意义；另一类多 用于表示各种心理状态，而这些心理状态在汉 语中一般则用动词表达。
(34) They taught us the value of a dollar, took us to church, made us mind. (35) Such events as the murder of Lumumba are clear examples of the colonialists’ cruelty.
6.1.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
(36) The moon turns around the earth and the earth revolves around the sun. (37) “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. (38) He has intelligence beyond the ordinary.
词类转换不啻能使译文自然流畅、纯正地道，而 且有时是翻译得以进行所必须采用的手法。 (3) Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water. 水银的比重是水的十三倍。 (4) The new computer features high efficiency, great reliability and low cost. 新型计算机的特点是效率高、可靠性强、成本低 廉。
6.1.2 介词（与介词短语）转译成动词
(39) Are you for or against the proposal?
(40) She has gained her master’s degree from Harvard’s School of Education and is finally off welfare. (41) This is a picture after Picasso.