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应用化学专业英语词汇

Toxic chemicals:有毒化学品Chemical pollution:化学污染Physical property :物性Natural changes: 自然变化Scientific fields:科学领域Isolate:分离Determine:测定Synthesize:合成Fundamental principles:基本原理Investigation:研究Utilize:利用化学式书写的基本规则如何写化学式命名化合物二元化合物:氧化物,盐,酸(1)阴离子元素加后缀–ide(2)多价态元素加前缀:mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-(3)低价氧化态后缀–ous,高价氧化态后缀–ic氧化物盐酸:基础元素(前缀hydro-, 后缀-ic)+ acid氢氧化物(碱):金属元素(价态)+ hydroxide含氧酸及其盐(1)基本元素仅有一种氧化态酸:基础元素加后缀-ic + acid盐:阳离子元素+基础元素加后缀-ate(2)基本元素有二种氧化态酸:基础元素加后缀(-ous低价态,-ic高价态)+ acid盐:阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀(-ite低价态, -ate高价态)(3)基本元素有多种氧化态酸:最低氧化态基础元素(前缀hypo-, 后缀-ous)+ acid 较低氧化态基础元素加后缀-ous+ acid较高氧化态基础元素加后缀-ic + acid最高氧化态基础元素(前缀per-, 后缀-ic)+ acid盐:最低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素(前缀hypo-, 后缀-ite)较低氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ite较高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素加后缀-ate最高氧化态阳离子元素+ 基础元素(前缀per-, 后缀-ate)不同水分子含量的酸较低水含量前缀meta-较高水含量前缀ortho-不同基本元素形成的酸前缀di-, pyro-含硫的酸:源于含氧酸中的氧被硫取代,使用前缀thio-含氢盐(酸式盐):源于含有1个以上氢原子酸中的氢原子被金属离子取代,形成酸式盐,氢原子以及金属离子使用前缀di-, (bi-),tri-配位化合物的命名阳离子+ [ 配体及中心原子] (氧化数)Chemical formulas:化学式anion: 阴离子Oxidation number:氧化值sulphate: 硫酸盐Sodium:钠cation: 阳离子Covalent bond:共价键electroneutral: 电中性的Electronegative atom:电负性原子mono-一Hydrogen: 氢di-二Hydrides: 氢化物tri-三Oxidation:氧化tetra- 四前缀Peroxides:过氧化物penta-五Superoxide:超氧化物hexa-六Positive:正oxidation state:氧化态Periodic table:周期表trivial names:俗名Noble gases: 惰性气sulphide: 硫化物Transition elements:过渡元素hydroxides:氢氧化物Ion: 离子caustic soda solution:苛性钠溶液Combining capacity:结合能力phosphorus: 磷Coordination (complex) compound: 配位化合物vacant orbital:空轨道Unshared pair of electrons:未共用电子对Ethene:乙烯Propene:丙烯butene :丁烯Single bond:单键double bond:双键triple bond:三键Benzene:苯Symmetrical:对称的Naphthalene: 萘functional group :官能团hydroxyl :羟基Carbohydrates: 碳水化合物,糖类Sucrose: 蔗糖glucose :葡萄糖alcohols:醇ether:醚ketone:酮aldehyde:醛fatty acids:脂肪酸esters:酯diethyl :二乙基hexagonal :六边的Formaldehyde: 甲醛methyl :甲基acetate :醋酸盐pentagonal :五边形的amines :胺类ammonia :氨amino acid :氨基酸methylamine :甲胺glycine :甘氨酸vitamin :维生素chlorophyll :叶绿素alkali :碱enzyme :酶-ane:-烷-ene:烯-yne:炔cyclo-:环-Meth-:甲eth-:乙propyl-:丙but-:丁Pent(a)-:戊hex-:己hepta-:庚oct-:辛non-:壬deca-:葵skeleton:骨架-yl: (烷)基methyl:甲基ethyl:乙基alkyl :烷基side chains: 侧链substituent:取代基cis and trans isomers :顺式和反式异构体enantiomers :对映异构体di-:二tri- : 三tetra- : 四penta-: 五straight-chain:直链iso-:异primary carbon:伯碳secondary carbon:仲碳tertiary carbon:叔碳allyl :烯丙基methylene :亚甲基ethylidene :亚乙基Ethylene:次乙基hybridization :杂化cycloalkane :环烷alkene :烯烃geometric isomer:几何异构体chiral carbon:手性碳clockwise direction:顺时针方向counterclockwise direction :逆时针方向Glyceraldehyde:甘油醛substitution reaction :取代反应nucleophilic substitution:亲核取代nucleophile :亲核试剂dissociate :离解carbocation :碳正离子Intermediate:中间体substrate :底物leaving group :离去基团electrophilic substitution:亲电取代carbanion :碳负离子addition reaction :加成反应addition product:加成物attacking reagent:进攻试剂free radical:自由基migration:移动elimination reaction:消去反应adjacent carbon:相邻碳rearrangement reaction:重排反应酸酐acid anhydride 酸性化物acid halide乙醇alcohol 乙醛aldehyde脂肪族aliphatic 烷烃alkane烯烃alkene 醇盐alkoxide烷基alkyl 炔烃alkyne烯丙基allyl 氨基化合物amide胺amine 氨基酸amino acid氨(络)合物ammine 芳烃arene芳香环aromatic ring 芳基aryl含氮的azo 羰基carbonyl羧酸carboxylic acid 胡萝卜素carotene螯合物chelate 手性chiral构象异构体conformer 配位数coordination number晶体场稳定化能crystal filed splitting energy右旋性的dextrorotary重氮化作用diazonium salt二氯甲烷dichloromethane 酯ester脂肪酸fatty acid 自由基free radical官能团functional group 甘油glycerol杂环的heterocyclic 高自旋配合物high spin complex 同系物homolog 烃hydrocarbon诱导效应inductive effect 酮ketone左旋的levorotatory 配体ligand低自旋配合物low spin complex 甲基methyl分子筛molecular sieve 单齿配位物monodentate辛烷octane 旋光性optical activity石蜡paraffin 苯酚phenol苯基Phenyl 多配位基的polydentate聚合物Polymer 丙烷propane外消旋的Racemic 共振效应resonance effect过氧化物superoxide互变异构体tautomer薄层分析法thin layer chromatography甘油三(酸)酯triglyceride不饱和化合物unsaturated compound水煤气water gas两性离子zwitterionbeaker 烧杯phenolphthalein indicator 酚酞指示剂Pipette 移液管acetic acid 醋酸pH meter pH计standard titration curve 标准滴定曲线benzoic acid 苯甲酸ethyl alcohol 乙醇qualitative organic analysis 定性有机分析Unambiguous 明确的characterize 表征structure determination 结构测定bunsen burners 煤气喷灯tripod supports 三角支架wash bottles 洗瓶dropper 滴管transfer pipette 移液管hot plate 轻便电炉wire gauzes 石棉网test tube brush 试管刷test tube rack 试管架ring stand with rings 带环环架filter paper 滤纸utility clamp 铁试管夹clamp holder 夹柄buret clamp 滴定管夹extension clamp 万能夹ring clamp 环形夹子pinchcock 弹簧夹pinch clamp 弹簧节流夹tubing clamp 管夹hose clamp 软管夹test tube clamp 试管夹cork borer set木塞钻孔器套件cork stopper 软木塞rubber stopper 橡胶塞laboratory jack 实验升降台spatulas 刮刀beaker tongs 烧杯钳crucible tongs 坩埚钳Forceps 医用钳tweezer 镊子watch glasses 表面皿goggles 护目镜carbon stirring rod 碳搅拌棒fume hoods 通风橱capillary melting point tube 毛细管熔点管Caliper 卡尺table balance 托盘天平analytical balance 分析天平top pan balance 市秤magnetic stirrers 电磁搅拌器Fahrenheit thermometer 华氏温度计celsius 摄氏度bulb pipettor 球形移液器magnetic stir bar 磁搅拌子Mortars 碾钵pestles 捣锤spotting plates 滴试板alcohol lamp 酒精灯Spectrophotometers 分光光度计connection tube 连接管rubber tube 橡皮管adapter 接合器Socket 套接口ball joint 球形接头Stopper 塞子adaptor 转接口splash heads 防溅头thermometer pocket温度计插孔air leak tube 空气渗漏管distill head 蒸馏头melting point tube 熔点管burettes 滴管Stopcock 活塞aspirating stopcock 吸气式移液管measuring cylinder 量筒volumetric flask 容量瓶centrifuge tube 离心管graduated 有刻度的chromatography colum 层析柱filter funnel 过滤漏斗pressure equalizing funnel 均压漏斗powder funnel 药粉漏斗separating funnel 分液漏斗dropping funnel 滴液漏斗rotary evaporator 旋转蒸发仪spectrophotometer 分光光度计crystallizing dishes with spout 带喷嘴的结晶皿petri dishes 培养皿evaporating dishes 蒸发皿drying tube 干燥管condenser 冷凝管Reflux 回流erlenmeyer flask 锥形烧瓶round bottom flask 圆底烧瓶flat bottom flask 平底烧瓶distillation flask 蒸馏烧瓶filtration flask 过滤瓶round bottom flask 圆底烧瓶weighing bottles 称量瓶reagent bottle 试剂瓶aspirator bottle 蒸馏水瓶BOD bottle 生化需氧量瓶dropping bottle 滴瓶specific gravity bottle 比重瓶glass desiccator 玻璃干燥器Beaker 烧杯extractor 萃取器dry tower 干燥塔vaccume dessicator 真空干燥器gas washing bottle 气泡吸收瓶distilling receiver 蒸馏接收器。

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