黄冈师范学院2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试A卷考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points）1.过滤2.浓缩3.结晶化4.吸附5. 蒸馏6．超临界的7.二氯甲烷8.热力学平衡9.亲电性10.表面张力11.共轭的12.酮13.平衡常数14.丙基15.丁基16.亚甲基18.环己酮19.同位素20.标准熵二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points）1. methyl propanoate2. rate constant3. ethyl methyl ketone4. free energy5. radical intermediate6. isobutyl methyl ether7. 3-chloropropene8. primary radical9. n-propyl bromide10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons12. local magnetic fields13. tetramethylsilane14. mass to charge ratios15 phenylamine16 amide17. amine18. nucleophile19. perchlorate20. carbocation三、Translation the following into chinese （40 points）A卷【第1页共 3 页】1. We can see why benzene is stable: according to resonance theory, the more resonance forms a substance has, the more stable it is. Benzene, with two resonance forms of equal energy, is therefore more stable and less reactive than a typical alkene.2. Membranes can be defined essentially as barrier, which separates two phases and restricts transport of various chemicals in a selective manner. A membrane can be homogenous or heterogeneous, symmetric or asymmetric in structure, solid or liquid, can carry a positive or negative charge or be neutral or bipolar. Transport through a membrane can be effected by convection or by diffusion of individual molecules, induced by an electric field or concentration, pressure or temperature gradient. The membrane thickness may vary from as small as 100 micron to several mms.3. The most common industrial adsorbents are activated carbon, silica gel, and alumina, because they present enormous surface areas per unit weight.A surface already heavily contaminated by adsorbates is not likely to have much capacity for additional binding, but further heating will drive off these compounds to produce a surface with high adsorptive capacity.Temperature effects on adsorption are profound, and measurements are usually at a constant temperature. Graphs of the data are called isotherms. Most steps using adsorbents have little variation in temperature.A卷【第2页共 3 页】4. In the absence of peroxides, hydrogen bromide adds to peopene via the Markovnikov pathway to yield isopropyl bromide. In the presence of peroxides, however, the order of addition is reversed, and the product is n-propyl bromide; the addition in this case is said to be anti-Markovnikov. This is interpreted in terms of initiation of the addition reaction by bromine atom, rather than by a proton, as is the case for electrophilic addition.四、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese（20 points）1．Benzene and its derivatives can be nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid. The temperature must be controlled to prevent more than one nitro-group going in.2. Benzene can be made to react with halogen derivatives using aluminium chloride as a catalyst. This is called a Friedel-Crafts reaction.can be sulphonated by reacting it with fuming sulphuric acid(oleum). The benzene reacts with sulphur trioxide in the oleum.benzene is converted into ethylbenzene by reacting it with ethene. The ethylbenzene (also called styrene) is used to make polystyrene.黄冈师范学院2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷参考答案及评分标准考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试A卷考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points）2. concentrate 4. adsorption chlorideequilibriumtensionconstant14. propylmagneticresonanceentropy二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points）1. 丙酸甲酯2. 速率常数3. 甲乙酮4. 自有能5. 自由基中间体6. 异丁基甲醚7. 3-氯丙烯8. 伯自由基9. 正丙基溴化10. 键能11.循环电子12. 局部电磁场13. 四甲基硅烷14. 质荷比15.苯胺16.氨基化合物17.胺18亲核试剂19.高氯酸盐20.碳正离子三、Translation the following into chinese （50 points）1．依据共振理论，物质具有的共振式越多就越稳定。
苯具有两个能量完全相同的共振式，因此比典型的烯烃更加稳定而不易发生反应。
（10 points）2．膜可以被定义为一种阻碍物，它能将两种相态的物质分开，有选择性的限制不同化学物质的流动。
一种膜可以是均相或者非均相的，在结构上对称或不对称，固体或者液体，带有正电荷或者负电荷，是中性或带有极性。
由电场或浓度，压强或温度梯度可以引起对流或单个分子扩散透过膜。
膜的厚度可以从100微米到几个毫米（15 points）A卷【第3 页共 3 页】3. 工业上最常用的吸附剂是活性碳、硅胶和铝，因为它们单位重量具有的表面积较大表面上覆盖满被吸附物后，不能再进一步吸附，但是加热可以去掉这些吸附物，重新具备吸附能力。
温度对吸附能力有很大的影响，经常是在恒温下测量吸附能力，数据图就是等温线，在某一温度下，吸附步骤几乎没有变化。
4. 在没有环氧化物存在的情况下，溴化氢加成丙烯，遵循马氏规则，得到异丙基溴。
在有环氧化物存在的情况下，这种加成顺序被颠倒，产品是正丙基溴，这种加成是反马氏规则。
这可以用溴原子引发加成反应来解释，而不是亲电加成中的质子。
四、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese（20 points）1.苯及其衍生物可以用浓硝酸和硫酸的混合物进行硝化，温度要控制好防止更多的硝基引入。
2.用氯化铝做催化剂，苯可以和卤素的衍生物反应，这就是付克反应3.与发烟硫酸反应，苯被磺化，这是苯和发烟硫酸中的三氧化硫反应4.工业上苯与乙烯反应，可以被转化为乙烯苯，乙烯苯用于制备聚苯乙烯。