第五章习题5-11.求下列不定积分:(1)25)x -d x ; (2) 2x ; (3)3e x x⎰d x ; (4) 2cos2x⎰d x ; (5) 23523x xx⋅-⋅⎰d x ; (6)22cos 2d cos sin xx x x ⎰.解 5151732222222210(1)5)(5)573d d d d x x x x x x x x x x C -=-=-=-+⎰⎰⎰2. 解答下列各题:(1) 一平面曲线经过点(1,0),且曲线上任一点(x ,y )处的切线斜率为2x -2,求该曲线方程; (2) 设sin x 为f (x )的一个原函数,求()f x '⎰d x ;(3) 已知f (x )的导数是sin x ,求f (x )的一个原函数;(4) 某商品的需求量Q 是价格P 的函数,该商品的最大需求量为1000(即P=0时,Q =1000),已知需求量的变化率(边际需求)为Q ′(P )=-10001()3Pln3,求需求量与价格的函数关系. 解 (1)设所求曲线方程为y =f (x ),由题设有f′(x )=2x -2,又曲线过点(1,0),故f (1)=0代入上式有1-2+C =0得C =1,所以,所求曲线方程为2()21f x x x =-+.(2)由题意有(sin )()x f x '=,即()cos f x x =, 故 ()sin f x x '=-, 所以()sin sin cos d d d f x x x x x x x C '=-=-=+⎰⎰⎰.(3)由题意有()sin f x x '=,则1()sin cos d f x x x x C ==-+⎰于是12()(cos )sin d d f x x x C x x C x C=-+=-++⎰⎰.其中12,C C 为任意常数,取120C C ==,得()f x 的一个原函数为sin x -.注意 此题答案不唯一.如若取121,0C C ==得()f x 的一个原函数为sin x x --. (4)由1()1000()ln 33PQ P '=-得 将P =0时,Q =1000代入上式得C =0所以需求量与价格的函数关系是1()1000()3P Q P =. 习题5-21.在下列各式等号右端的空白处填入适当的系数,使等式成立: (1) d x = d(ax +b )(a ≠0); (2) d x = d(7x -3); (3) x d x = d(52x ); (4) x d x = d(1-2x ); (5)3x d x = d(3x 4-2); (6) 2e x d x = d(2e x );(7)2e x -d x = d(1+2e x -); (8) d xx= d(5ln |x |);(9)= d(1-arcsin x ); (10)= d(11)2d 19x x += d(arctan3x ); (12) 2d 12xx += d(arctan x );(13) (32x -2)d x = d(2x -3x ); (14) cos(23x -1)d x = dsin(23x -1).解 1(1)()(0)()d d d d ax b a x a x ax b a+=≠∴=+Q2.求下列不定积分: (1)5ed tt ⎰; (2) 3(32)x -⎰d x ;(3)d12xx -⎰; (4)⎰(5)t; (6)d ln ln ln xx x x ⎰;(7)102tansec d x x x ⎰; (8) 2ed x x x -⎰;(9)dsin cos x x x ⎰; (10) ⎰(11)de e x x x-+⎰; (12)x ⎰;(13) 343d 1x x x -⎰; (14) 3sin d cos xx x ⎰;(15)x ⎰; (16) 32d 9x x x +⎰;(17)2d 21xx -⎰; (18) d (1)(2)xx x +-⎰;(19 2cos ()d t t ωϕ+⎰); (20) 2cos ()sin()d t t t ωϕωϕ++⎰;(21) sin2cos3d x x x ⎰; (22) cos cos d 2x x x ⎰; (23)sin5sin 7d x x x ⎰; (24) 3tansec d x x x ⎰;(25)x ; (26);(27)ln tan d cos sin xx x x ⎰; (28)21ln d (ln )xx x x +⎰;(29)2,0x a >; (30)⎰(31)x⎰; (32)(33); (34),0x a >⎰;(35)x ⎰; (36) x ; (37)2sec ()d 1tan x x x +⎰; (38) (1)d (1e )x x x x x ++⎰(提示:令xt e =).解5555111(1)5(5)555e d e d e d e t t t tt t t C =⋅==+⎰⎰⎰ 利用教材§例16及公式(20)可得:原式=22211arcsin arcsin arcsin 2222x a x a x a C C a a a --=-. (30)令tan ,(,)22ππx t t =∈-,则2sec d d x t t =. 所以2sec cos sin sec d d d d tt t t t t C t====+⎰⎰tan ,sin 原式x t t C =∴=∴=Q .(31)令3sec ,(0,)πx t t =∈,可求得被积函数在x >3上的不定积分,此时故223tan 3sec tan 3tan 3(sec 1)3sec d d d tx t t t t t t t t=⋅⋅==-⎰⎰⎰ 3tan 3t t C =-+.由3sec ,(0,)2πx t t =∈得tan t =又由3sec x t =得33sec ,cos ,arccos 3x tt t x x===, 又令x =3sec t ,类似地可得被积函数在x <-3上的不定积分. 综上所述有33arccos d x C x x=+⎰. (32)令sin ,(,)22ππx t t =∈-,则cos d d x t t =. (33)令sin ,(,)22ππx t t =∈-,则cos ,d d x t t =(34)21(2d d x a x x a =+=⎰arcsinxa C a=⋅. (35)令2sin ,(,),2cos 22ππd d x t t x t t =∈-=,所以2222cos 2cos cot csc 4sin d d d d tx t t t t t t t t=⋅==-⎰⎰⎰⎰cot arcsin 2x t t C C x =--+=--+.(36)22d d x x x x ==+⎰由被积函数知x ≤-2或x >0,令1x t=, 当x >0时,(此时t >0) 当x ≤-2时,此时102t -≤<综上所述:原式=ln 1C x +. (37) 2222sec sec 11()(1tan )1tan (1tan )(1tan )1tan d d d x x x x x C x x x x==+=-+++++⎰⎰⎰. (38)令e x =t ,则x =ln t ,d x =1d t .习题5-31.求下列不定积分: (1) sin d x x x ⎰; (2) ed xx x -⎰;(3) arcsin d x x ⎰; (4) e cos d xx x -⎰;(5) 2e sin d 2xx x -⎰; (6) 2tan d x x x ⎰; (7) 2ed tt t -⎰; (8)2(arcsin )d x x ⎰;(9) 2esin d xx x ⎰;(10)x ⎰;(11)cos(ln )d x x ⎰; (12)2(1)sin 2d x x x -⎰; (13)ln(1)d x x x -⎰; (14)22cos d 2x x x ⎰; (15)32ln d xx x⎰; (16)sin cos d x x x x ⎰;(17)2cot csc d x x x x ⎰; (18) 22(1)e d x x x x +⎰; (19)1(ln ln )d ln x x x+⎰; (20)e ln(1e )d x x x +⎰; (21) 23sin d cos x x x ⎰;(22)22ln(d (1)x x x x +⎰; (23)2e d (1)x x x x +⎰; (24)arctan 322e d (1)xx x x +⎰. 解(1)sin cos cos cos cos sin d d d x x x x x x x x x x x x C =-=-+=-++⎰⎰⎰而cos 2cos 2cos 22sin 2cos 22sin 2e d de e e d e de x x x x x xx x x x x x x x ==+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰ (10)t =,则32,3d d x t x t t ==(11)令ln x =t ,则,e d e d ttx x t ==,于是 213sin 2tan sec ln sec tan cos d xx x x C x x x =-++⎰, 所以 23sin 11tan sec ln sec tan cos 22d x x x x C x x x =-++⎰.22211(22)ln(()21ln(112(1)2112d d d x x x x x x x =-++=-+++=+⎰⎰⎰令x =tan t , (,)22ππt ∈-,则d x =sec 2t d t∴原式=2ln(2(1)x C x ++.于是arctan arctan 13222(1)e e d x xx x C x =++⎰,所以arctan arctan 322(1)e e d x x x x C x =+⎰.习题5-4求下列不定积分:(1) 21d 1x x +⎰; (2)5438d x x x x x +--⎰;(3)sin d 1sin xx x +⎰; (4) cot d sin cos 1xx x x ++⎰.解 (1)令322111(1)(1)11A Bx Cx x x x x x x +==+++-++-+ 则 2331()()()11A B x B C A x A C x x +++-++=++ 从而 001A B B C A A C +=⎧⎪+-=⎨⎪+=⎩ 解得 131323A B C ⎧=⎪⎪⎪=-⎨⎪⎪=⎪⎩于是注 本题亦可用万能代换法(4)令tan 2xt =,则 则。