A, 他这人处处显老，惟独两只眼睛跟海水一 个颜色，透出挺开朗，打不垮的神气。 （赵少伟译）
B, 他身上的每一部分都显得老迈，除了那一 双眼睛，跟海水一样蓝，是愉快的，毫不 沮丧的。（海观译）
4.翻译的过程
（the process of translation)
▪ The process of translation consists of three stages:
* A translation should have all the ease of the original.
7) Eugene A. Nide “Dynamic equivalence”
*Conclusion: a. be faithful to the content of the original b. to be as expressive as the original c. be close to the original style
4…..as(仿佛） when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken stranger for a friend
课程要求
1，Class attendance, participation 10% 2, Translation practice 30% 3, final exam 60% 活动安排： 1，没人选择至少两篇与自己专业相关的文
章进行课外翻译练习。 2，每周上课前，准备一个自己专业相关的
内容进行课堂陈述。
语）表达出来，是译文读者能得到原作者所表达的思想， 得到与原文读者大致相同的感受。(范仲英，《实用翻译 教程》
2. History of translation
▪ 四次翻译高潮： 1. 东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译（支谦，鸠摩罗什，玄奘） 2. 明末清初的科技翻译（徐光启，林纾，严复） 3. 鸦片战争至“五四”的西学翻译（鲁迅，瞿秋
THE TOWER OF BABEL
▪ "Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, 'Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.' And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, 'Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.' And the LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the LORD said, 'Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another's speech.' So the LORD scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city.' Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth; and from there the LORD scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth." (Genesis 11:1-9)
….. 幽静的小路现变成狭窄的緞带一般， 铺满碎石的路面杂草丛生。
2，Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the sand undefeated.(《老人与海》）
现能力；审美判断能力；双语转换能力；逻辑分析和校 正能力）
▪ 考试要求：
能运用翻译理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学 原著译成汉语，或将我国报刊，杂志文章和一般文学作 品译成英语，速度为每小时250-300个单词，要求译文忠 实，语言流畅。能担任一般的外事活动口译。
翻译教学内容
▪ 翻译基本理论知识 ▪ 英汉语言的差异 ▪ 英汉翻译的基本技巧 ▪ 应用文体翻译 ▪ Why---What---How
1. What is translation
▪ 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确 而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
▪ “翻译即交际”（Nide) cross-linguistic, cross- culture, cross- social ▪ 翻译是把一种语言（即原语）的信息用另一种语言（即译
Language analysis:
lexical and grammatical level
Mr. Collins had a compliment, and an allusion to throw in here, which were kindly smiled on by the mother and daughter. A, 说道这里，柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句，又举了个例子，母女俩听了， 都粲然一笑。 B，说道这里，柯林斯先生赶忙恭维了一句，还暗示了一下原因，母女俩听 了，都粲然一笑。 He emerged on January 31 to go to Deli for the conference which, however negative from his point of view, at least provided the occasion for his bath in twenty-nine days. A, 一月三十一日，史迪威公开露面，去德里参加会议。这次会议在他看来 不管有多么消极，至少为他提供了一个二十九天以来第一次洗澡的机会。 B,一月三十一日，史迪威抵达德里。尽管他对这个会议的态度十分消极，但 最少在二十九天以来，他第一次有了洗澡的机会。
More examples
▪ 1，Last night I dreamed that I went to Menderley again. It seemed to me that I was going in by the iron entrance gates. The private road was just a narrow ribbon now, its stony surface covered with grass and weeds. ( Rebecca)
▪ 1)understanding of the original text （Language analysis, context analysis,
logic ….) 2) put it properly into the target language 3) revise or polish the translation
3) the idea of “equivalence” formulated by Qu Qiubai
“ 翻译应当把原文的本意，完全正确地介绍 给中国读者，使中国读者得到的概念等于 英，俄，日，法，德……读者从原文中得 到的概念”
4) the idea of 傅雷
“重神似而不重形似”
5) 钱钟书的“化境”说
6) Alexander Fraser Tytler
* A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work
* The style and manner of writing should be the same character as that of the original.
▪ Child neglect worsens.
1, 孩子由于被忽视而被变坏了 2, 孩子门忽视了坏的影响 3, 孩子们无视邪恶. 4,父母忽视了孩子变坏 5,父母忽视孩子教养的情况变得 更糟了
1.In some societies the failure to bear children （or males) is a threat to the
▪ I was with my father on a business-and – pleasure trip…. A，我和父亲这次旅行，既为了公事，也 为了游乐…… B, 我和父亲一起出来，既是出差，也是游 玩…..
Size don’t matter, chopping wood…… A, 说道劈柴，个头并不重要…… B, 个头没啥关系，劈柴嘛…..