– Endothelial injury
u Increased Vascular Permeability
Exudate and Transudate
uEdema denotes an excess of fluid in
the interstitial or serous cavities; it can be either an exudate or transudate
Causes of Inflammation
uinfective factors uimmune reactions uphysical factors uchemical factors utraumatic factors
Fundamental Pathologic Changes
Fundamental Pathologic Changes
uA transudate is a fluid with low
protein content (most of which is albumin) and a specific gravity of less than 1.012)
渗出液与漏出液
外观 蛋白质含量 比重 细胞数 凝固性
渗出液 混浊 >25g/L >1.018 >500 个/mm3 常自凝
slowing of blood flow (stasis);
Vascular changes
2. Increased Vascular Permeability leading to the escape of a proteinrich fluid (exudate) into the interstitium the hallmark of acute inflammation.
Fundamental Pathologic Changes
2, Exudation
The escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissue or body cavities.
Fundamental Pathologic Changes
3, Proliferation
1) the parenchymal cells 2) fibroblasts and capillary
endothelial cells 3) inflammatory cells, e.g. Plasma
uChronic inflammation - the subsequent and
often prolonged tissue reaction following the initial response
uSubacute inflammation - in between acute
and chronic inflammation
漏出液 澄清 <25g/L <1.018 <500 个/mm3 不自凝
Increased Vascular Permeability
1, Alteration
Degeneration and necrosis
Alteration
uParenchymal cells – Cellular swelling, fatty degeneration – Necrosis
uInterstitial tissues – Edema, mucoid degeneration – fibrinoid necrosis
Fever and leukocytosis
Classification -according to time course
uPeracut inflammation uAcute inflammation - the initial and often
transient series of tissue reaction to injury
Vascular changes
u Increased Vascular Permeability – Mechanism
– Formation of endothelial gaps in venules (endothelial contraction)
– Increased transcytosis
Chapter Four
Inflammation
Definition
The defending reaction of vascularized living tissue to local injury
uResponse to injury uvascularized living tissue udefending
cells and macrophages
General Features of
Inflammation
Local Signs of Inflammation
uredness uswelling uheat upain uloss of function
Systemic Manifestations
Acute Inflammation
Vascular changes
1, Changes in vascular caliber and blood flow.
Inconstant and transient vasoconstriction of arterioles
Vasodilation and increase of blood flow; Dilatation of capillaries and venules,

Increased Vascular Permeability
uAn exudate is an inflammatory
extravascular fluid that has a high protein concentration, much cellular debris, and a specific gravity over 1.020