英语句子成分与词性句子构成的成分共分为八种：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，补语，状语和同位语。
1.主语：是全句述说的对象。
一般位于句首，除了there be结构，疑问句和倒装句中。
Walls have ears.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.2.谓语：说明主语的情况，永远只能由动词（实义动词或系动词）组成。
助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Actions speak louder than words.The chance may never come again.Tom was very sick at heart.Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994.3.表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的身份，特征和状态。
常见的系动词有：be, appear, become, feel, get, go, grow, keep, look, prove, remain, seem, sound, smell, stay, taste, turn等。
My father is a professor.Who’s that? It’s me.The match became very exciting.The story of my life may be of help to others.His plan is to seek work in the city.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.4.宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。
跟在及物动词或不及物动词+介词之后。
She covered her face with her hands.We haven’t seen her for a long time.Do you mind opening the window?Give me four please!He wants to dream a nice dream.We need to know what others are doing.5.定语：修饰名词的成分。
They are woman worker.Tom’s father didn’t write home until yesterday.Equal pay for equal work should be introduced.You haven’t kept your promise to write us often.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.6.补语：补充说明宾语或主语的性质和状态。
宾语补足语They elected me captain of the team.We found everything there in good order.I should advise you not to miss the chance.主语补足语The price is expected to rise in the near future.Some goods are left unsold.She was elected director of public relations.7.状语：可以修饰动词，形容词，副词或者全句。
表示地点，时间，原因，目的，结果，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随情况等。
These products are selling quickly.She sat there doing nothing.We’ll send a car over to fetch you.8.同位语：用来补充说明另一个名词（短语）或代词的具体内容或情况。
We should make full use of today, the hope of tomorrow.People, old and young, came out to greet the distinguished guests.We two like the saying: money talks.9.插入语：对一句话的附加说明，常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开，在语法上不影响其他成分。
True, it would be too bad.To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.Judging by his clothes, he may be an artist.That, in my opinion, is only one of the minor issue.关于比较等级1.原级比较表示双方程度相等用as+原级+as (和…一样)He is as busy as before.We should send you the data as soon as possible.表示双方程度不相等用not so (as) +原级+as (和…不一样，不如…那样)It is not so (as) cold today as yesterday.He didn’t make as much progress as he had expected.2.比较级比较级可用much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, a bit等词与词组修饰The new method is much more efficient than the old one.She ran a little (bit) faster than her younger brother.关于倍数的表达Kids are twice as troublesome as pets.Americans eat more than twice as many vegetable today as they did in 1950.We have produced three times as much grain as compared with last year. Practice:改错1.School violence is most serious problem, especial in public school.-----School violence is the most serious problem, especially in public school s. 2. Students are not enough mature so they are vulnerable to social evils.基本时态1.一般现在时表示现在，目前存在的状态，性质或经常发生的动作。
谓语动词：am, is, are或do,does常用时间词：always, usually, sometimes, seldom, everyday等。
2.一般过去时表示过去的动作和状态。
谓语动词：was, were, did常用时间词：yesterday, two days ago, last week, in 1996, during the night, in ancient times等。
※在it is high (about) time (that) …句型中，表示“该……的时候了”，从句的谓语动词通常用一般过去时。
It is high time that the government and common people joined hand in hand to protect the deteriorating environment.3.一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状态。
谓语动词：will/shall do, be going to do, be about to do,常用的时间词：tomorrow, tonight, by then, in the near future, next spring等。
4.现在完成时谓语动词：have/has +过去分词常用的时间词：already(肯定)，yet(否定)，recently, till now, so far, ever, never等a.过去发生并已经完成的动作，对现在造成了影响。
Till now I have read many novels.Long-distance education has basically covered the whole country so far.b.过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还有可能持续下去。
She has lived in Nanchang since 1980.The computer has gradually been used in libraries and hospitals.5.过去完成时谓语动词：had +过去分词常和by, before等词组成的短语和从句连用。
People had imagined what the surface of the moon looked like before Neil Armstrong first stepped onto the planet.Radio had been the most important communication tool before TV was invented.英语句子种类：简单句，并列句，复合句1.简单句（simple sentence）五种基本句型：SV, SVO, SVOC, SVOiOd, SVPSubject=主语Verbal phrase=谓语部分Object=宾语（Oi=间接宾语，Od=直接宾语）Complement=补语Predicative=表语一．主+动（S+V）1. Crime does not pay.2. Without gun, the suicide rate will go down.二．主+动+宾（S+V+O）1.Media violence affect children’s mental health.2.Frequent physical punishment contributes to a child’s later crimes.三．主+动+宾+补（S+V+O+C）1.Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy.(形容词作补语)2. A lot of women consider luxury goods a life necessity.（名词作补语）3.The internet enables users to access violence easily.（不定式作补语）四．主+动+间宾／人+直宾／物（S+V+Oi+Od）1.Gambling could bring us a substantial increase in crime.munity service offers wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.3.Violent scenes on mass media present children a bad example.五．主+动（系动词）+表（S+V+P）常见的系动词有：appear, be, become, feel, grow, go, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, turn.1.Death penalty is a deterrent to violent crime.(名词作表语)2.The penalties for criminals should be severe.3.The suggestion of community service sounds convincing and considerate.2.并列句（compound sentence）意义延伸并列连词：1. Child abuse is a crime and law enforcement have a legal duty to stop it.2. Students should not only learn academic knowledge but also do volunteer work in communities.3. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.选择并列连词：1.Heavy penalties should be imposed on traffic violators or they may not abide bytraffic laws.2.I must work much harder, otherwise I can not catch up with the other classmates.转折并列连词：1.Some offenders are good in nature but they go astray under some negativeinfluence.2.Some kill people only to defend themselves while others are trigger-happy.3.Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.因果并列连词：1.Owning a gun is illegal in most countries for it is considered dangerous.另外, 副词连接的并列句：1．Internet access is very useful for looking up information; however, a student is highly likely to find indecent materials on the internet.2．In many countries, minors can have access to sexual materials; therefore, providing the children with moral guidance is the best solution.3．Murderers are not humans; hence, they cannot be treated as humans.3.复合句（complex sentence）比较：a. We cannot apply knowledge in the books to practice,and then we cannot handle real problems in society.b. Because we cannot apply knowledge in the books to practice,we cannot handle real problems in society.C. Our teacher had left, the heated discussion then ended.D. When Our teacher had left, the heated discussion then ended.复合句包括：名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句。