英汉翻译教程第一讲
1.2.6 文学艺术
文学艺术反映一个民族的感情色彩。 对待同一事物, 不同民族的文化感情色彩可能完全不同
Dragon, dog, ox
不同文化艺术中,人们还常常用不同的事物表达相 同的思想。
Work like a horse 像老黄牛一样干活。
As strong as a horse As stupid as a goose
11. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 11.水滴石穿.
12. Creep before you walk.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
12. 循序渐进。
13. Don't put the cart before the horse.
13. 不要本末倒置。
14. Don't trouble troubles until trouble troubles you.
2. 要掌握与两种语言相关的文化背景知识
3. 要弄清原文结构
译文表达做到“三不要”
1 .不要逐字死译
I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry. ( Pride and Prejudice)
14. 不要自找麻烦。
15. It is better to die when life is a disgrace.
15. 宁为玉碎,不为瓦全。
16. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 16. 覆水难收。
4. All good things come to an end.
4. 天下没有不散的筵席。
5. All rivers run into sea.
5. 海纳百川。
6. As a man sows, so he shall reap.
6. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
7. A word spoken is past recalling.
1.2.3 宗教信仰
英语中涉及宗教的词语要比任何其他语种都多,同 时宗教典故之丰富在世界语林中也是独占鳌头。
John can be relied on. He eats no fish. 约翰为人可靠,他很忠诚。
Speak of angels, and you will hear their wings; talk of the devil, and he’s sure to appear.
境和风俗习惯的影响而具有不同的特点。 Drug : 药; 大麻(美俚)
1.2.5 社会政治
一些词语的意义,有时与社会政治密切相关。就 是说,社会制度相同,有关文化之间的差异就比 较少;社会制度不同, 差异就相对地多一些。如:
working class; peasant propaganda; Exploit (开发利用、获取利润) 汉语中是:“剥削”
1.1.2 加强英汉两种语言的修养、拓宽知识面 1. 要努力提高汉语的修养,多读经典的著作,学
习地道规范汉语;
2.要看一些英汉对照的文章; 3. 一篇原著最好找到两种以上的译本,进行对比,
从中学习。
如: White House “白宫” 而不是“白房子”
Foggy Bottom “雾谷” 而不是“雾的尽头”(美国国务院)
In terms of disposal 1. full-text translation 2. abridged translation 3. adapted translation
1.1 翻译的条件 1.1.1 掌握必要的翻译理论和技巧
语言学家吕叔湘说:“原稿纸旁放一词典, 又放一文法书,左顾右盼才写上一行,那 我们自不必去谈它”——这决算不上翻译。
说曹操,曹操到。
Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。
1.2.4 风俗习惯
You look darker after the holidays.
你度假回来看起来黑多了。 你度假回来看起来更健康了。
All the children have got married. 老儿子娶媳妇——大事完毕。 孩子们都结婚走了。 同一语种在不同的地域、不同的文化中因不同的环
From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.
7. 一言既出,驷马难追。
8. Bad news has wings. 8. 好事不出门,坏事传千里。
9. Beauty lies in the love's eyes. 9. 情人眼里出西施。
10. Birds of a feather flock together.
10. 物以类聚,人以群分。
从那里,我可以看见下面的整个山谷,那田 野、河流和村庄。这一切非常美丽,见到后 使我心里充满了渴望。
从这里望下去,整个山谷一览无遗,只见 那田野、河流和村庄,全都美不胜收,真 叫我心驰神往。
1. Actions speak louder than words. 2. A fall into a pit,a gain in your wit. 3. A good conscience is a soft pillow. 4. All good things come to an end. 5. All rivers run into sea. 6. As a man sows, so he shall reap. 7. A word spoken is past recalling. 8. Bad news has wings. 9. Beauty lies in the love's eyes. 10. Birds of a feather flock together.
curiously(好奇地)wife(妻子)dearest
仔细地
主妇
最痛恨的
一些词语的产生,伴有特定的时代背景。 如: “ If that picture is genuine, I’m a Dutchman!” “如果那张画是真迹,我就不是人”
1.2.2 地理环境
(1) 英国的天气变化无常,阴雨天多,人们对天气 便产生了一种特殊的感觉,因而喜欢谈论天气。 “Lovely weather, isn’t it?”
11. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 12. Creep before you walk. 13. Don't put the cart before the horse. 14. Don't trouble trouble until trouble
Homework: Translate the following passage
From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.
troubles you. 15. It is better to die when life is a disgrace. 16. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 17. It never rains but it pours. 18. Love me, love my dog. 19. Make hay while the sun shines. 20. Misfortunes never come alone.
Scope of translation
In terms of language 1. Native languages into foreign languages 2. Foreign languages into native languages
In terms of the mode 1. Oral interpretation 2. Written translation 3. Machine translation
我还没有认识你一个月,就觉得象你这样一个人, 在天下男人中我最不愿意和他结婚的就是你。
我认识你还不到一个月的时候,就觉得哪怕我一 辈子找不到男人,也休想让我嫁给你。
2 . 不要使译文逻辑连贯失调 3. 不要炫耀文笔
1.2 背景知识与翻译
1.2.1 历史背景
由于语言随社会的发展而发展,随社会的变化 而变化,同一词语在不同的历史时期往往具有 不尽相同的含义。如:
In terms of materials 1. Scientific materials 2. Translation of literary works 3. Translation of political essays 4. Translation of practical writing
试比较Dragon, dog, ox
在中英文中的不同形象。
Wet like a drown rat
A white Christmas 银装素裹/大雪纷飞的圣诞节