欧洲文化鉴赏期末课程论文2015—2016第二学期题目：欧洲文明发展与建筑特点姓名:鲍鹏学号：14L1251036班级：环艺L141European civilization development andarchitectural featuresFrom the earliest European civilizations: the Minoan and Mycenaean civilization, history of European civilization has more than four thousand years the European civilization originated in the Aegean Sea in ancient Greece and, here, a pleasant climate, convenient transportation, for the creation of the civilization provides a prerequisite.Europe has a long history of civilization development. Ad of 4000 to 2500 years ago in southern and Western Europe had been widely distributed megalithic culture and subsequently located in the Aegean region of southeastern Europe grew vigorously is one of the birthplace of the ancient civilizations of the world, said the Aegean civilization, left a rich cultural heritage to mankind. In the 6th century BC, the rise of the Roman state, and gradually developed into a include semi Europe (Great Britain islands to the Danube River line to the South) and North Africa, West Asia, the Empire, and Italy where the Italian peninsula has been the core area of the political and economic. The early era, Europe has a population of about 32 million, which more than half of the distribution in southern Europe, and Eastern Europe, northern Europe and the British Isles together is less than 1 / 10. After the 3rd century AD, the Roman Empire is gradually weak, originally living in the Germanic people of northern Europe and living in the eastern Slavs have a large number of intrusion, accompanied with this historical process of population migration and economic and cultural exchange, which greatly promoted the European fully, the middle of the 14th century Europe as a whole populationreached 81 million, the proportion of southern Europe fell to about a third, other areas, especially in Eastern Europe were significantly increased.The spirit of European culture comes from Christianity. Christian with the Jewish many contents and ancient Greek Roman philosopher thought, to Europe to provide the ideal personality of the moral model, in Christianity, belief is the premise of all other, believing it is that God is the existence of God; God is merciful, love commands issued to the world, let the world love; love is the main principle of others, abstinence is their main principles, and people to obey God. 1517, Martin. Luther began his religious reform, and established a new religion. He put forward the idea that man has a dual nature, a spiritual nature and a physical nature. The nature of the flesh is bound, and the nature of the soul is free. This freedom is not from the political and physical freedom, is not the freedom to do whatever they want, but the spirit of freedom, it depends on the gospel of Christ, by virtue of God's faith, is the true freedom.The most European characteristics appear on the architectural characteristics:Circular arch is the most revolutionary representative of European architecture. Once known as one of the most beautiful forms of human history, the development of the arch and the construction of a broad building space.Colonnade. Developed from the simple colonnade for European architecture is the most fundamental form, columniation has become the most important feature of European architectural sign, like the Vatican church on both sides of the outwardly extending peristyle.The fountain presents the inspiration of European life.From the ancient Greek and Roman times, the fountain has been one of the leading European living space in the most romantic, expressive, pool full of charm of the statue for linger as one of the most prestigious Roman coastal springs.Square. Europe has been advocating a free country so from private space to public space, square is always the core of the protagonist, in addition to offer a place for residents' meetings and social creates a leisurely open images of life, like Italy's famed Piazza San Marco.The sculpture is the angel wings. From the European royal garden and museum to street, you can see a number of large and small sculpture. Therefore, these sculptures almost and the structure itself are connected as a whole, become the most grade space in a corner of the, as the common European Street statue or a statue of Venus.The roof is the most typical beautiful ambassador in the sky. European building roof like a work of art, Renaissance dome, stands the Gothic spire and at the end of the 19th century neoclassical style flat top, roof totem represents the spirit of an era or the prosperity of a family, for example, the French royal Lily totem is inlaid in the appearance of the building.。