初中英语语法专题--副词一、副词定义：1.用来说明事情或动作发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词2.用来说明其它形容词或副词程度的词二、副词的分类副词按词汇意义和句法功能可分为时间副词、地点副词、频度副词、程度副词、方式副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词等。
初中主要学习和掌握频度副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词即可。
考点一副词的分类与位置1、表频率的副词常见的频率副词有：always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly,seldom.它们一般在行为动词之前，系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，.①He always goes to school on foot.②She has never been to Beijing.③She is often late for work.2、表示方式的副词与方式相关的副词，如safely,quietly,quickly，politely loudly，luckily ，happily ，easily ，carefully ，slowly ，suddenly以及fast,late,hard,early等。
此类副词位于动词之后，如果是及物动词一般位于宾语之后。
①The children are dancing happily.②They work hard.③The students did their homework carefully.3．程度副词与程度相关的副词有：very , much , only, quite , as, too, too…for,too…to do, well, almost, even, a little , enough , rather, a lot , so,such , badly, nearly , further , really , widely , hardly , a bit等。
它们一般位于被修饰的词前面，但enough要放在被修饰的词后面。
①I can hardly know her name.②The cake is so delicious③He was badly hurt .④He worked hard enough.4．表时间、地点、方向的副词（1）与时间相关的副词有: ago ,already, before, early, long, late, just, now, once, soon,since, today, tomorrow ,tonight ,yesterday, yet等。
它们通常位于句末，有些也可位于句中如：already等。
①They’ll come back soon.②They have finished the work already.=They have already finished the work.（2）与地点、方向相关的副词经常位于动词之后与动词搭配构成短语动词。
outside, inside , upstair ,here ,there ,home, near, come back , turn left , go out三、副词的考点✍考点1、副词的用法和位置1).修饰动词作状语，位于动词后。
①He walked quietly into his bedroom.②It is raining hard .2).修饰形容词作状语，位于形容词前。
①You have a very nice watch. ②The machine is too heavy.3).修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。
You walked too slowly, I couldn’t wait for you.4）有时候也修饰整个句子Unfortunately，he was out.✍考点2、副词的构成：（1）多数形容词+ly变成副词. 大多数副词以ly结尾recent ----recently? sad—sadly slow---slowlyclear—clearly final—finally real—really kind- - kindly,careful--- carefully, Silent----silently peaceful---peacefully Safe---safely（2）以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词需改y为i加ly变成副词happy-- happily, heavy-- heavily, easy-- easily, lucky--- luckily, angry---angrily,(3)形容词不去e加ly变来的副词polite--politely, wide--widely, Safe--safely, extreme-- extremely(4)形容词需去e加ly变来的副词True - Truly, gentle ---gently, comfortable-- comfortably possible---possibly simple --simply terrible---terribly特殊：good（形容词）—well（副词）好地(well adj 身体健康的)考点3、副词的比较等级副词的比较等级构成1.规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词一般在词尾加er或est hard harder hardest 以e结尾的只加r或st wide wider widest一辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i,再加er或est:early---earlier---earliest多音节词和部分双音节词加more，most carefully usefully more carefullymore usefullymost carefullymost usefully注意：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，但是副词最高级前则可要可不要。
2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级well better bestbadly worse worstmuch more mostlittle less leastfar farther(较远) further（进一步）farthest(最远)furthest（最大程度）3.副词比较等级的用法1. “（not）as/so + 副词原级+ as ”。
这一结构表示两者相似或前者不如后者。
例如：You don’t get up so/as early as I. 你没我起得早。
2.“as + 副词原级+ as possible/ one can ”。
这一结构表示尽可能地做某事。
例如：Please get here as soon as possible/you can. 请尽快赶到这儿来。
3.“副词比较级+ than ”。
这一结构表示比对方强。
例如：Mike works more carefully than Jack. 迈克工作比杰克细心。
4.“副词比较级+ and + (同一)副词比较级”。
表示越来越、、、例如：He ran faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。
5.“the + 副词比较级，the + 副词比较级”。
这一结构表示“越、、、就越、、、”例如：The better I knew him, the more I like him. 我越了解他，就越喜欢他。
6.“副词最高级+ 比较范围”。
这一结构中，比较范围常为含有介词in, of 或among的短语。
例如：He studies (the) hardest among the boys. 在那群男生里，他学习最用功。
考点4、易错知识点辨析1.兼有两种形式的副词1) close与closelyclose意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"①He is sitting close to me. ②Watch him closely.2)late 与latelylate意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"①You have come too late. ②What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"①He pushed the stick deep into the mud. ②Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much①The plane was flying high. ②I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"①He opened the door wide. ②English is widely used in the world.6)free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"①You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. ②You may speak freely; say what you like.2.几组易混副词1、hard和hardly的区别(一)、hard可用作形容词或副词：1. 当hard用作形容词时，意为“困难的、坚固的、努力的”等。
例如：①It’s hard for old people to change their ways. ②Steel is harder than wood.2. 当hard用作副词时，意为“努力的、困难的、猛烈地”等。
例如：①Does Tom work hard at his lessons? ②It’s raining hard outside now. Don’t go out.(二)、hardly只能用作副词，意为“几乎没有、几乎不”。
例如：①I can hardly see anything on the blackboard. ②My father hardly ever watches TV.2、much too和too much区别（一）(too) much 中心词是much1．相当于形容词，意为“more than enough”，用在不可数名词前面作定语或在系动词后面作表语。