从认知文体学视角
鲁迅先生说,读书须杂,各方知识均须具备。因此倡导“随便翻翻” 的学风,意在督促学人拓展视野,深化知识结构。中国古人所谓之 “饱学之士”,所强调的就是广学博识的学风。这一点,培根也有同 感。所以他说,Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 译文一:读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密, 科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩;凡有所学,皆成性格。 ---王佐良 译文二:史鉴使人明智,诗歌使人巧慧,数学使人精 细,博物使人深沉,论理之学使人庄重,逻辑与修辞 使人善变 ----水天同
• 最广为流传的篇作是翻译培根随笔集其 中的《论学习》等,该译作的语言精炼 优美传神,被广大读者视为是最权威的 版本。 • 王佐良用文言文选译了五篇,《翻译: 思考与试笔》(外研社)和《并非舞文 弄墨》(三联)两书中均有收录。 • 《并非舞文弄墨》尤值得一提,多数篇 目为王先生所译,另有部分篇目是王先 生约请杨周翰、李赋宁和周珏良诸先生 译
The list of works
• The philosophical work: • Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》(1605) • Novum Organum 《新工具论》(1620) • New Atlantis《新大西岛》(1624-1626) • Literary Works: • Essays《论说文集》(1597-1625)— Includes ”Adversity”, “Anger”, “Boldness”, “Cunning”, “Death”, “Discourse”, “Dissimulation and Simulation”, “Empire”, “Envy”, “Goodness”, “Great Place”, “Honor and Reputation”, “Love”, “Nobility”, “Revenge”, “Seeming Wise”, “Superstition”, “Truth‘, “Unity in Religion”, “Vicissitude of Things”, and “Wisdom for a Man’s Self”.
Essays的六种译本
• • • • • • • • • 王佐良 高健 张和声 曹明伦 蒲隆 水天同 外研社出版 天津:百花文艺,2001 花城 , 2006-3-1 北京:北京燕山,2000 国际文化出版公司,2006 北京:商务印书馆,1951 1958 1986 》
王佐良,1916年2月12日生,诗人、 翻译家、教授、英国文学研究专家, 浙江上虞人。1995年1月19日,于 北京去世。 1929年至1934年,在武昌文华中学 • 文华中学读书。1939年毕业于西南联合大学外 语系(原清华大学外语系),留校任教,1947年 赴英国牛津大学为攻读英国文学研究生。 1949年回国后,历任北京外国语学院教授、英 语系主任、副院长。 • 在上世纪五六十年代,他与许国璋、吴景荣曾 被誉为新中国的“三大英语权威”。
Of Studies简介
Of Studies,是培根写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记 从读书之功用立论,分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。培 根以为读书的功用有三,即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。其在人生中的具体体现亦有三,即 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
Career
• 1587: Be elected to Parliament • 1618: Became lord High Chancellor • 1620:Won the titles of Baron Verulam and Viscount St Albans • 1621:Be charged with bribery and betrayal(出卖) of justice
Style of writing
• Mainly preaching a reorientation to learning, providing a new direction, organization and method for the business of acquiring knowledge about the worldexp • Tending to express an abstract idea in the commonest, objects of the sight and experience. • Always writing down the simply thing that interested himself.
译文三:历史使人睿智,是个诗人灵秀,数学使人缜密,物理学使 人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞学使人善辩。----李明
说理性散文
在散文中分析问题,讲明道理,进行论证的文章, 下面结合说理性散文的特点讲解怎样阅读说理性散文
那么,如何品味说 理散文的理趣呢?
首先,要从整体上感知作品的思想感情。这是品味说理散文理趣的基 础。说理散文的理趣,既是为表达思想感情服务的,也是思想感情表 达的艺术效果 例如跳蚤吮血,“虽然可恶,而一声不响地就是一口,何 等直截爽快”;蚊子便不然了,“当未叮之前,要哼哼地 发一篇大议论”,“所哼的是在说明人血应该给它充饥的 理由”;苍蝇不嗜血,只是想“占一点便宜”,与蚊子比, “总要算还有一点道德的”。如果把握了作者的思想感情, 我们就不难理解文章的写作意图:明写昆虫,实写恶人。 “夏三虫”彼此半斤八两,怎么会有“可爱”与“不可爱” 之分,哪里有“道德”可言呢?作者将荒诞的人事作正面 “歌颂”,无疑强化了对荒诞人事的批判与嘲讽,这正是 文章的理趣之所在。
在培根看来,这两方面的积累是人生所不可或缺的知识积淀。 所以,They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 译文一:读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干 犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接,而书中所示,如不以 经验范之,则又大而无当。 ---王佐良
译文一:读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条 文断事乃学究故态 ---王佐良
译文二:在把学问上费时太多是偷懒,把学问过于用作装饰 是虚度,完全依学问上的规则而段事是书生的怪癖 ----水天同
译文三:读书耗时过多易怠惰,炫耀所读之书乃造作,唯明智之士用读 书,判断是李俊按章行事乃书生意气 The History of the Region of King Henry the Seventh(《亨利七世本纪》) and The History of the Region of King Henry the Eighth(《亨利八世本纪》). • De Augmentis Scientiarum(论学术进) • The New Atlantis(《新系特兰提斯岛》) • The final 1625 edition of his Essays(《论 说随笔》)
Introduction
• Francis Bacon(1561-1626)was the founder of English materialist philosophy(唯物主义哲学)。 • He was born into the family of Sir Nicholas Bacon, keeper of the Privy Seal(玉玺)to Queen Elizabeth. The boy early won the favor of the Queen. He went to Cambridge at twelve and after graduating at sixteen, took up law. He soon became one of the most successful lawyers of the time. At twenty-three he became a member of the House of Commons(下议院) and his judgment and eloquence (口 才)made him famous. When James I came to England, Bacon obtained one important office after another until he became Lord Chancellor(大法官) and was an admirable judge, but in the course of rising he had made enemies who charged him with bribery(受贿). He was convicted(判罪) deprived(免去) of his office, fined and banished(流放) from London in1621. Five years later, he died in disgrace(耻辱).