对无对等的翻译选词，一般采用下列方法： 1) 采用拼音法。如：叩头（ kow tow) 、功夫 (kongfu)、馄饨 (wonton)、秧歌 (yangko; 扭秧歌 do the yangko)、炕 (kang)、亩 (mu)、斤 (jin)、 两 (liang)、武术 (wushu, 或 martial art) 等。
Unit 3: Comparison and Diction
英汉语言对比与翻译选词
1

English and Chinese belong to two different language families: English, the Indo-European family and Chinese, the Sino-Tibetan family. The two languages also have different cultural backgrounds--Western and .

1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level

2) Partial Equivalence (部分对等) The meaning of some English words partially corresponds to that of Chinese words. (1) One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning Wife: 妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、 堂客、内人...... Potato: 马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋...... 人：human being, man, people, person......
1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level

走

英勇/ 临危不惧
walk/ stroll（散步）/ saunter（闲逛）/ trudge （艰难地走）/ plod/ toddle（蹒跚地走）/ stride/ march/ trot（小跑） / strut（趾高气昂地走）/ wobble（颤抖地走）/ amble（马，从容地走） brave/ bold/ courageous/ valorous/ valiant

1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level
3) no equivalents DINK couch potato

hacker
气功 功夫 粽子 磕头(kowtow) 阴阳八卦 太极 雨水 三九
1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level

Sino-Tibetan family Indo-European family 汉藏语系 i d e o g r a p h i c 印欧语系 character orthographic spelling 表意文字 表音文字
汉语
英语

Translation is an interlingual and intercultural transfer and multidimensional contrastive studies of the two languages and cultures are therefore essential. We would like to focus on the differences between English and Chinese on lexical level, which count in EnglishChinese translation.
1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level
1) Word-for-Word Equivalence (完全对等) This is most evidently shown in proper nouns and technical terms, which can be translated literally. E.g. China , Germany , New York table, watch, sun, microwave, supermarket, nuclear weapons, chain reactions

2) 通过解释的方法。如：三伏 (the three periods of the hot season; 三伏天 dog days; 中 伏the second of the three ten-day period of the hot season)、惊蛰 (the Waking of Insects)等。





1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level





山 门 大学 笑 叫 看

hill/ mountain gate/ door college/ university laugh/ smile call/ shout/ cry see/ look/ peer（凝 视）/ peep（窥视） glance/glimpse/stare / gaze/ glare（怒目注 视）/ gape（吃惊地 看）
1. Equivalence between English and Chinese at Word Level
(2) One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meanings wear gun marriage president uncle fry cut 穿、戴 枪、炮 嫁、娶 总统/校长/主席/长官 叔/伯伯/姑父/舅/姨夫 煎/ 炒/ 炸/ 煸/ 炝 割/ 切/ 剪/ 修