当前位置:
文档之家› (参考资料)刘润清-西方语言学流派
(参考资料)刘润清-西方语言学流派
1. 区分流派与分支
从外部分: 心理语言学, 社会语言学, 计 算语言学, 神经语言学, 文化语言学, 人 类语言学等. Distinction from within: psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, computation linguistics, neurolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cultural linguistics, etc.
西方语言学流派漫谈
Schools of Linguistics: Introduction
1. 区分流派与分支
Distinction between Schools and Branches
1.1 流派多指思潮, 有代表人物, 代表著作, 主要观点, 研究方法, 盛行时代,有其影 响, 往往有历史视角.
2. 宏观区分流派 A More Macro Distinction
2. 形式主义者说语言普遍现象是人类生 理遗传;功能主义者说是来自社会对语 言的普遍运用. The formal camp say linguistic universals are men’s biological inheritance; the functional camp say language similarities come from the common use of language.
Distinction between Schools and Branches
1. 区分流派与分支
1.2 语言学的分支: Branches: 从内部分:语音学, 音系(位)学, 词汇学,
形态 学, 句法学, 语义学, 语用学(?) Distinction from within: phonetics, phonology, lexicology, morphology, syntax, semantic, pragmatics (?)
1. 区分流派与分支 Distinction between Schools
and , 也有经典著 作, 有影响的人物, 多用共时观点. (Branches refer to areas of study, with their classics, and influential figures; often a synchronic perspective.)
2.1 形式派 注重分析语言的形式, 结构, 成分和成
分的分布, 对语言进行形式描写和描写的 形式化, 考虑语言的心理性.
The formal school: emphasize the formal, structural aspects of L, and distribution of elements; formalize the description of L; a psychological perspective.
1. 区分流派与分支
美国结构主义语言学(1930—50) American structuralism 美国转换生成语法(1957—现) Chomsky’s Generative Grammar 认知语言学 (today) Cognitive linguistics
2. 宏观区分流派 A More Macro Distinction
1. 区分流派与分支 Distinction between Schools and
Branches
1.3 历史视角和共时视角 一起 可以画出 一个十字, 像一个坐标.
The diachronic and synchronic perspectives will form a cross, which like a coordinate.
Schools refer to trends of thought, with their representative figures, works, unique ideas, methods and influence on later development; a diachronic perspective.
现代语言学开端(索緖尔, 20世纪初) the beginning of modern linguistics;
1. 区分流派与分支
欧洲功能主义(20世纪20-50)European functionalism
伦敦学派(1940—50)The London School;
系统功能语法(1960—现在) Halliday’s Systemic-functional grammar
2. 宏观区分流派 A More Macro Distinction
2.2 功能派 注重分析语言的功能, 分析不同层次上 的成分的语义功能, 认为功能决定形式, 考虑语言的社会性. The functional school: emphasize the functional nature of L; analyze the semantic function of elements on all levels; function determines form; a sociolinguistic perspective.
1. 区分流派与分支
大分类: 理论语言学, 应用 语言学 Theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics.
1. 区分流派与分支
1.3 语言学流派: 传统语法 (600BC—18世纪)traditional grammar;
历史语言学(19世纪100年) historical linguistics;
2. 宏观区分流派 A More Macro Distinction
2.3 两派的区别
1. 形式主义者认为语言是心理现象; 功能主义者说语言是社会现象. The formal camp say language is a psychological fact; the functional camp say language is a social fact.