• e.g “The dog bites the man.” is semantically different from “The man bites the dog.” though their components are exactly the same.
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• The cat is chasing the mouse. • The mouse is chasing the cat.
meaningful is governed by rules called selectional restrictions(选择限制规则 )(constraints on what lexical items can go with what other).
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Predication analysis述位结构分析
• Predication analysis----a way to analyze sentence meaning (British G.Leech 杰弗里 .利奇).
• Predication----the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. A predication consists of argument(s) and predicate.
• One-place predication (单位述谓结构): smoke, grow, rise, run……
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• Two-place predication (双位述谓结构） ： like, love, save, bite, beat...
• Three-place predication ( 三位述谓结构）： give, sent, promise, call...
• No-place predication (空位述谓结构）： It is hot.
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Predication analysis述谓结构分析
• Tom smokes. TOM (SMOKE) • The tree grows well. TREE (GROW) • The kids like apples. KIDS (LIKE) APPLE • I sent him a letter. I (SEND) HIM LETTER
• A predicate is something said about an argument states the logical relation linking the arguments in sentence.
• 谓词是对变元所作的陈述，或是陈述一个句 子中链接变元之间的逻辑关系。
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• 成分分析法是由结构语义学家提出的分析词义的 方法。这个理论是基于这样一个信念：一个词的 意义能被分解成被称为语义特征的意义成分。
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For example: man: + HUMAN + ADULT + MALE woman: + HUMAN + ADULT – MALE boy: + HUMAN – ADULT + MALE girl: + HUMAN – ADULT – MALE
• 述谓结构是句子意义的抽象。由变元和谓词 构成。
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பைடு நூலகம்
An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal sentence.
• 一个变元就是一个述谓结构的逻辑参与者， 在很大程度上等同于一个句子的名词性成分。
5.5 Analysis of meaning
Group members: 小英 玲玲 慧慧
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Analysis of meaning 意义分析
• Componential analysis(成分分析） • Predication analysis(述谓结构分析）
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Componential analysis成分分析
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Predication analysis述谓结构分析
• 1）The meaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up the meaning of its component words.
• 首先，句子意义并不是它所有成分意义的总和。
• Componential analysis---a way to analyze lexical meaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.
• 其次，句子的意义包括语法意义和语义意 义两个方面。
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• e.g. • Green clouds are sleeping furiously. • Sincerity shook hands with the black apple. • Whether a sentence is semantically
• I have read that book. • That book I have read.
• The daughter of Queen Elizabeth’s son is the son of Queen Elizabeth’s daughter.
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• 2) there are two aspects to sentence meaning: Grammatical meaning and Semantic meaning.
Predication analysis述谓结构分析
• According to the number of arguments contained in a predication, we may classify the predications into the following types: