• Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture. • tips：同学们在英译汉的时候，往往会出现句子翻译出来自己也 不知道什么意思的情况，这个问题比较难解释不过最重要的原因 就是我们在结构上没有处理好。所以，如果读起来不通顺的时候， 我们就一定要断句。 • Prior to the twentieth century, /women in novels were stereotypes /of lacking any features /that made them unique individuals and/ were also subject to numerous restrictions/ imposed by the maledominated culture.
• Behavioris suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. • 中心词+定语1+定语2+定语3+定语N • 三个定语循环套用比较常见 • 定语1+定语2=定语3 • 定语1=定语2+定语3
only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom he is being compared
• as the others /with whom he is being compared,定语从句前置，先 翻译。 • 和与之相比较的其他孩子 • only if引导的句子比较长，翻译的时候先断句，然后注意句子当 中的一些特殊成分，/towards the test （状语）/as the others（状 语） /with whom he is being compared（定语从句） • 翻译时候需要将状语提到句子的中间甚至句首。 • Why？
第二步：翻译
• The Greeks assumed /that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,/ which took roots in Europe/ long before people realized/ how diverse languages could be. • 希腊人认为，语言的结构和思维的过程之间存在某种联系，这种 联系早在人们认识语言的多样性之前，就已经在欧洲植根了。 • 1、这里的assume不应该翻译为“假设”，而是认为 • 2、some应该翻译为“某些”，而不是“一些”，因为科学家在表达某 种观点的时候都存在不确定性，，而“某些”这个单词恰好符合这 个要求 • 3、这里需要断句，否则句子会过长
先断句，后翻译
• On the whole, /such a conclusion can be drawn/ with a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom he is being compared,/ and only if he was not punished /by lack of relevent information /which they possessed. • 字对字翻译：“对等论”，但是很少人能做到，都是在“创作” • On the whole 总体来说 • such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence • 这句有一定的难度，因为出现了被动句，被动句是英语翻译考试的重 点. • 得出这样一种结论需要一定程度的把握
Behavioris suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. • • • • • • • • 定语从句的翻译方法 前置：将定语从句完全置于被修饰词之前 后置：将定语从句完成置于被修饰词之后，但是需要翻译关系词 行为主义者建议，生长能够发展他或她适当反应能力的有刺激的环境里的孩 子会经历更大的知识发展 行为主义者认为，孩子生长在有很多刺激的环境里，这些刺激发展了他们适 当反应的能力，他们就会经历更大的知识发展 行为主义者建议，一个孩子如果生长在有很多刺激的环境里，而这些刺激促 进了其适当反应能力的发展，那么这个孩子就会有着更大的知识发展。 行为主义者认为，生长在有很多刺激环境里的孩子会获得更多的知识发展， 因为这些刺激促进了其适当反应能 力的发展。
• The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be. • 希腊人假设，语言的结构和思想的过程之间有着一些联系，这些 联系在人们认识到有多么不一样之前就已经在欧洲植根很久了 • 第一步：断句：The Greeks assumed /that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,/ which took roots in Europe/ long before people realized/ how diverse languages could be. • 断句后句子变成一个主句、一个宾语从句和一个非限定性定语从 句
英汉翻译三部曲：断句-翻译-重读
• On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevent information which they possessed. • On the whole, /such a conclusion can be drawn/ with a certain degree of confidence, /but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude /towards the test /as the others /with whom he is being compared,/ and only if he was not punished /by lack of relevent information /which they possessed.
• a physician alive • 这种情况属于a-开头的形容词修饰名词时，一定要后置 a kind of knowledge which can enlighten the whole world a book which may help you pass the exam 可以看出，所有的词组和句子在修饰一个单词的时候都是后置，这 样也就引起了英文中的后置定语从句。所以英文中的定语翻译成中 文的时候一定是前置
• 由此可见，中文里一个短语或者句子，甚至多个句子修饰一个词 的时候，一般来说也是前置。那中文里是否存在后置定语呢？
中国古代汉语中的定语后置
• 例如：中国疆域之辽阔，人口之众多，资源之丰富 • 由“之”字引起的定语后置情况 • China has a vast territory, a large population and plentiful resources. • • • • a pretty girl a famous poet 英语中一个单词修饰另一个单词也是前置，但是后置的也不少。 a child adopted
翻译讲座一
突破英文中定语从句的翻译一
一、定语从句的翻译
• 定语从句翻译一直都是所有翻译考试的重点，本讲的翻译方法都 是从中西方语言的差异出发，然后总结出来，从而推广到所有句 子和文章。 • 中文所有定语的特点：前置vs后置？ • 一个漂亮的小女孩 • 清香的茶叶 • 著名的诗人
பைடு நூலகம்
• 坐在门口的孩子 • 拿着手机的小姑娘 • 昨天晚上趴在房上的小白猫