翻译的语言对比规律
Pronunciation
• • • • • 1. 磕头 Kowtow 2. 四十四只石狮子 Forty-four stone lions 3. A new kind of aircraft---small, cheap, pilotless---is attracting increasing attention. • 一种新型飞机---体积小，便宜，无人驾驶--正在越来越引起人们的注意。
• 3) The U.S. Constitution separates the federal government into three distinct branches (judicial, legislative and executive) with a system of “checks and balances” among their powers. • 美国《合众国宪法》将联邦政府分为三个 各司其职的部门（司法、立法和行政）， 并在它们的权力上实行“制衡”制度。
• 露丝·凯利对朋友说过，由于她在堕胎和 节育方面的观点，她无法在卫生部或国际 开发事务部工作，况且，她还反对议会下 院有关胚胎研究的动议。她说过：“我是 个虔诚的天主教徒。显然，我有坚定的个 人原则。如果说这些是坚定的个人原则， 那么，在我的政治生涯中，我就得遵守。” 然而，在某些问题上，她采取的是自由主 义的态度。
• Another fan said Saakashvili-who has a reputation as a hothead-is a better president with his wife at his side. “Don’t worry, Sandra will keep him in line,” said Dzhaeni, another Tbilisi resident. “He must have done something right if he got her to be his wife.” •
句法的差异
• 1、英汉语言在形式上的最基本差异表现为： • 英语重形合 hypotaxis • 汉语重意合 parataxis
• 形合： • 指句中的词语或分句之间需要一种语言形 式手段（如连词或关联词）连接起来，表 达一定的语法意义和逻辑关系。 • 意合： • 指词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段进行 连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词 语或分句的含义来表达。
• 5) Ruth Kelly has told friends she could not work in the Departments of Health or International Development, because of her views on abortion and birth control, and she opposed the Commons motions on embryo research. “I am a practicing Catholic, ” she has said. “Clearly I have strong personal principles. I would have to abide by them in my political career if they are strong personal principles.” On some issue, however, she takes a liberal line.
• 3. The landing must be super-soft, made at a velocity of 18 miles or so an hour. • 这次着陆一定是超级的软着陆，即着陆时 的飞行速度在每小时18英里（约29）公里 左右。 • *（宇宙飞船的着陆）飞行速度在32公里/小 时左右的；软着陆
• 4) Sandra Roelofs has said that she plans to keep living in the family’s modest flat near a McDonald’s restaurant in downtown Tbilisi, even though they are now entitled to move into a luxurious government residence. “She is Dutch, she doesn’t care about fancy houses and cars,” Malika, a 29-year-old civil servant in Tbilisi, said approvi汉语言的特点 英语又称“屈折语” inflectional language 汉语又称“非屈折语” non-inflectional language
• 4. Marijuana is usually regarded as a soft drug. • 大麻通常被看作是软性麻醉毒品。 • *（麻醉毒品）毒性较轻的；软性的 • 5. At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not shoot him for the hip. • 在目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分 的情报，我们不能鲁莽行事。
• for show. It signals she will not be an oldstyle daughter-in-law, subservient, powerless and dependent. She will negotiate when to leave her career and have a child. If she is like many brides today, she will have told her husband already that if he expects her to live with his family, he must find a different wife.
• 2) An American and his wife were driving in Canada and got lost. Finally they came into some city. They saw a gentleman on the sidewalk, so the gentleman pulled up to the curb, and the lady let down her window and asked: “Excuse me, sir. Where are we?” The gentleman on the street replied, “Saskatoon, Saskachewan.” The lady rolled up the window, turned to her husband and said, “We really are lost. They don’t even speak English here!”
• 4. If North America and Europe renew their moral life, build on their culture commonality, and develop closer forms of economic and political integration to supplement their security collaboration in NATO, they could generate a third Euroamerican phase of western affluence and political influence .
• 6) Qu Man and Yang Jie marry in a hotel courtyard with 85 people and a type of ceremony that is becoming common: Western, statues of Roman gods and scads of purple balloons are part of an event complete with the throwing of rice and confetti. At one point, the parents of both bride Qu and groom Yang are called up front to speak at the ceremony. It seems like no big deal. And that was not
• *（情报等）非百分之百可靠
Total
• 1. Mr. Smith was given a new Corvette by a Denver dealer and totaled it the next month. • 史密斯先生从丹佛的一个经销商处弄到了 一辆崭新的考文特牌汽车，一个月后，这 车子就撞得无法修理了。 • *彻底撞毁
• 2. Did you at least total the guy that hit you? • 对那个揍你的家伙，你至少已经向他报复 了吧？
• 3、词义对比的文化内涵
• 4、Exercises • 1) At a memorial in New York, a little boy left his football with a note for his lost father, “Dear Daddy, please take this to Heaven. I don’t want to play football until I can play with you again someday.” • 在纽约举行的一次追思会上，一个小男孩留下他 的足球和给他死去的父亲的留言：“亲爱的爸爸， 请将这个足球带到天堂去。我不想再踢足球了， 除非有一天能与您一起踢。”