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四级 阅读 长难句 逻辑 快速阅读


4.主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指 物)(A gives B something.) My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday gave me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology. 昨天,我参观了国际商用机器公司、美国电话电报公司和 贝尔实验室,领略了当代科技发展的前沿成就。 5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语) (A tells B to do something) Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization have made the opening-up a basic state policy. 今天,正在为实现现代化而奋斗的中国人民,把对外开放 作为一项基本国策。 6.There+系动词+主语(There is a man.) There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy. 在自由市场经济国家企业类型有多种多样。
句子成分
主语 1. 主语是一个句子的主题,也是句子的主 体,表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 2. 它的位置一般在句首。 3. 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的 词、短语或句子等充当。 The meeting will begin at 9:00.(名词) We study in No. 1 Middle School.(代词) Smoking is bad for you.(动名词)
状语: 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因 果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的 等。用作状语的通常是副词。 1)副词(短语)作状语: The boy needs a pen very much.(程度状语) The boy , now , needs a pen.(时间状语) 2)介词短语作状语: In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.(地点状语) Before his mother, Tom is always a boy.(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.(时 间状语) 3)不定式作状语: The boy needs a pen to do his homework.(目的状语) 4)名词作状语: Come this way! (方向状语)
2. 句子成分
1. 组成句子的成分叫句子成分。 1. 组成句子的成分叫句子成分。 2. 在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系, 2. 按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的 在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关 系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不 组成成分。 同的组成成分。 3. 句子成分由词或词组充当。 3. 句子成分由词或词组充当。 4. 英语句子的基本成分有六种:主语 4. 英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、 (subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语 谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、 (predicative)、宾语(object)、定语 宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语 (attribute)和状语(adverbial)。 (adverbial)。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾 语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复 合宾语。 1. 名词/代词宾格 + 名词: The war made him a soldier. 2. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词: Please keep the room clean. 3. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语: I often find him at work. 4. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式: The teacher ask the students to close the windows. 5. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词: I saw a cat running across the road.
1、句子种类和类型
(一)按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences/Statement):说明一个事实或陈述一种 看法。例如: Light travels faster than sound. (说明事实) The film is rather boring. (说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences/Question):提出问题。有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? b. 特殊疑问句(Wh-Questions): Where do you live? c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee? d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences/Command):提出请求,建议或发出 命令。例如: Don't be nervous! 别紧张! 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences/Exclamation):表示说话人惊奇、喜 悦、愤怒等情绪。例如: What good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
四级阅读长难句分析
• 句子(Sentence)是最高一层的语法结构,也 是人们进行交际、表达思想的最小语言单位。 • 句子在具体的语境中能够表达相对完整的意思, 即能够说明一个情况,提出一个问题,下达一个指 示或表达一种感情。 • 正是通过句子的一来一往才使人们的思想交流成 为可能;也正是通过一连串意义相关的句子的有机 组合才使人们能够表达连贯的思想,进行诸如归纳、 推理之类的思维活动。 •句子是能够单独存在并能表达相对完整象。 2.只有及物动词可带宾语,有些不及物动词加上介 词或副词也可带宾语。 3.由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或句子担 当。 • He often helps me.(代词) • We study English at school.(名词) • If you add 5 to 5, you get 10.(数词) • Remember to buy some stamps.(动词不定式) • He likes making you laugh.(动名词) • He said, "You are wrong."(句子) • Do you understand what I mean?(从句)
3、简单句6种基本结构。
1.主语+系动词+表语(A is B.) Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students. 哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。 2.主语+及物动词+宾语(A does B.) These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China‟s road of development today. 这些传统,对今天中国人的价值观念、生活方式和中国的 发展道路,具有深刻的影响。 3.主语+不及物动词(A leaves.) In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here. 1847年,中国最早的一批留美学生容闳等人赴美求学。
定语 1.定语是用来修饰名词;代词或句子的成分. 2. 定语有前置定语,后置定语. 3. 充当定语的词有:形容词;名词;代词;数词; 名词所有格......方位副词;不定式;动词的- ing形式;过去分词;从句等.例如: Tom is a handsome boy. (形容词作定语 ) His name is Tom. (代词作定语) The boy in blue is Tom. (介词短语作定语) There is nothing to do today(不定式作定语 )
同位语 the Appositive
同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质 和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的
表现形式有以下几种:
(1) 名词: Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词: I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词: She is the oldest among them six. (4) 从句: He told me the news that the plane had exploded. (5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. (6) 由 of 引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. (7) 由 or 引导 The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure.
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