Nobel Laureate (1922): Francis William Aston
(1877 - 1945) Cambridge University Cambridge, Great Britain
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922
"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
质谱
Mass Spectrum,MS
主要参考书
E.D Hoffmam,J.Charette,V.Stroobant,Mass Spectrometry, Prenciples and Applications,John Wiley & Sons,1996.
F.W.McLafferty: Interpretation of Mass Spectra,3rd ed Mill Valley: Calif. Univ. Sci. Books. 1980
1989 - ESI of Biomolecules
“The application of ESI to biomolecules was one of the most important discoveries in mass spectrometry in the latter part of the twentieth century.”
Michael Karas University of Frankfurt
Fred W. McLafferty Cornell University
Alfred Otto Carl Nier University of Minnesota
Innovators
•(1923) •Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
(1941-) Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana
•Mixture analysis by tandem mass spectrometry •Kinetic method for measuring ion thermochemistry •Surface induced dissociation and ion/surface reactions •Hybrid mass spectrometers •Energy partitioning in ion dissociation •Matrix-assisted desorption/ionization •Ion traps: simulations of ion motion, miniaturization
John B. Fenn 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Koichi Tanaka 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Nobel Laureate (1906): Joseph John Thomson
(1856 - 1940) Cambridge University, Cambridge, Great Britain
定义----把化合物分子用一定方式裂解后生成的 各种离子，按其质量大小排列而成的图谱。
• 样品量少：1mg-几g • 是分子离子与碎片离子质量与其相对强度的谱
Quadrupole and Quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometers
Nobel Laureate (2002): John B. Fenn
(1917) Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 "for the development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
mass spectrometry of isotopes
Nobel Laureate (1989): Wolfgang Paul
(1913 - 1993) University of Bonn Bonn, Germany The Nobel Prize in Physics 1989 “For the development of the ion trap technique"
University of Maryland
Notable Achievements
•Biomedical Applications of Mass Spectrometry •Mechanisms of Acquired Drug Resistance •Rapid Analysis of Intact Microorganisms by Mass Spectrometry
• 70年代
生命科学的迅猛发展，给分子量测量的权威 工具—质谱提出挑战，将分子量大、热不稳
定性的生物分子如蛋白质、多糖等变成气相
离子是质谱亟需解决的关键问题；
• 80年代
出现新的“软电离”质谱技术（如电喷雾质 谱ESI、基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱MALDI 等），使得生物大分子的测定成为可能;同 时解决了LC/MS及CE/MS的接口问题，从
Klaus Beimann MIT
Brian T. Chait The Rockefeller University
R. Graham Cooks Purdue University
Catherine Fenselau University of Maryland
Franz Hillenkamp
University of M黱ster
Nobel Laureate (2002): Koichi Tanaka
(1959-) Shimadzu Corporation The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002 "for the development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
练振琼: 有机质谱解析
四川大学出版社 1990
丛浦珠:质谱学在天然有机化学中的应用 科学出版社 1987
…………….
• 2.1 质谱的基本知识
–2.1.1 质谱的发展历史 –2.1.2 质谱的基本原理 –2.1.3 质谱的表示方法 –2.1.4 有机质谱中的各种离子 –2.1.5 分子离子峰 –2.1.6 同位素离子 –2.1.7 碎片离子
Electrospray ionization of biomolecules
“Electrospray Ionization for Mass Spectrometry of Large Biomolecules”, Fenn J.B., Mann M., Meng C.K., Wong S.F., Whitehouse C.M. Science, 1989, 246 (4926), 64.
•A MS pioneer in gaseous ion reactions (the McLafferty rearrangement), •instrumentation (GC/MS, LC/MS, MS/MS), •techniques (collisionally activated dissociation, neutralization-reionization, •electron capture dissociation, IR photodissociation spectroscopy) •computer data acquisition, reduction, and identification (Probability Based Matching), •reference data (600K spectra), and high resolution MS/MS characterization of biomolecules and gas-phase protein conformers.
• 2.2 质谱仪器的基本结构 • 2.3 几种常见电离方法 • 2.4 质量分析器 • 2.5 质谱仪的主要性能指标 • 2.6 色谱与质谱的联用 • 2.7 质谱解析
2.1 质谱的基本知识
有机质谱 Organic Mass Spectra, OMS 质谱学 Mass Spectrometry 质谱计（仪） Mass Spectrometer
而大大拓宽了质谱及其联用技术的应用范围。
Nobel Prize Winners for Mass Spectrometry
Joseph John Thomson
Francis William Aston
Wolfgang Paul
1906 Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics
1919 F. W. Aston
制得了第一台速度聚焦质谱仪。并精确测量 了50多种元素的同位素及丰度，制出第一张 同位素表，并首次引入“质谱”概念
1942
商品MS出现, 用于石油精炼和橡胶工业。