翻译讲义I. 考试要求1. 大纲要求2. 材料特点II. 英译汉1. 步骤：1) 找断点：介词、连词、标点符号五大逻辑关系：转折：conj. [Although though while even if, even though S V,] S V…. Prep. In spite of…. Despite…. Instead of….Adv. however, nevertheless, but因果：原因状语conj because since as in that now thatI was late [because there was a traffic jam]Prep because of…. Own to…. Due to….结果。

so that so + adj. / adv. that…..The traffic was so heavy [that I was late]目的so that in order thatSo as to do…. In order to do…条件if provided that S V…. supposing that…Given that …..unless = if notprep. Givenbut for but that 要不是并列和递进And A B and C adj. adj. and adj.V1 V2 and V3S V, SV and S V….总分：such n. as A B and Cn. such as A B and Ce.g.: such energy as sun, wind and tide.First second从句的连词定语从句That which whose who whom asWhere when why名词从句What how；how many how muchif whether…. 是否2) 找主谓S VTips: 1 be am is are was were2. 情态V + do….3. have has had + done4. do does did….3) 逻辑关系4) 组织语言e.g. 1. I || let bird <out of his cage>, you || see, this morning, and he ||’s disappeared.我让鸟出来他的笼子，你知道，今天早上，并且他不见了是这样的，我今天早上把小鸟放出笼子，他不见了Let sth./sb. <Adj./do/prep…>___________________e.g. 2. Although the object (of the annual performance review) || is to improve performance, it often || has the opposite result.尽管目标年度行为表现评估年度绩效评估为了提高行为表现，它经常有相反的结果尽管年度绩效评估的目标是为了改善工作表现，但是它经常适得其反___________________e.g. 3. It || is a very common belief that the problems (of the population explosion) || are caused mainly by poor people (living in poor countries) (who || do not know enough to limit their reproduction).It || is a very common belief that S V…人们|| 【普遍】认为People commonly believe that…Tips: n n 表功能MBA master of business administrationAdj. n.Doing + n.A swimming boy 现在分词表状态A swimming pool 动名词表功能n. (doing….) (who…..) 定语的翻译拆译法Do you know the lady (who lives in the next door)?住在隔壁的女士你认识那位女士吗，她就住在隔壁人们|| 【普遍】认为人口爆炸的问题主要是由生活在贫困国家的贫困人口造成的，他们对限制生育了解不足。

[随着经济的发展]，我国的能源危机|| 越来越突出，这与我国现在所处的发展阶段有关S V, which___________________e.g. 4: With much of the country given over to market gardening and the intensive cultivation of flowers, planners || have also come up with designs for floating greenhouses designed so that the water beneath them || irrigates the plants and controls the temperature inside.With + 逻辑S + 。

独立主格结构e.g.: [When he had lunch], Jack sneezed.Doing…. ~ed…. 分词做状语[When he had lunch], Jack sneezed.Having lunch, J sneezed._____ (see) from the hill, people look like ants. seen[Rose having lunch], J sneezed.独立主格结构1. 独立的逻辑主语2. 不是句子3. 做状语[With Rose having lunch], J sneezed.逻辑S + doing….[With Rose having lunch], J sneezed.b. 逻辑S + ~ed，S V….e.g.: the task completed, we had tried our best.c. 逻辑S + to do…., S V…e.g.: the question to be discussed tomorrow, I have to prepare it.d. 逻辑S + adj. , S V….e. 逻辑S + adv, S V….e.g.: time up, let’ go. Game overf. 逻辑S + prep…., S V….e.g.: Sword in hand, I am afraid of nothing.词义选择2. 基本知识1) 词汇2) 句型3) 逻辑关系III. 汉译英1. 步骤1) 断句2) 句型3) 语序a. 定语的位置b. 状语的位置e.g. 1 机器人|| 不可能思考。

[像人类一样] A robot impossibly thinks like the human beingIt is impossible for robots to think like human beingsIt is impossible that robots think like HBThere is little likelihood thate.g. 2 我|| 会告诉他们，[在草地上] 睡觉|| 并不脏。

I will / would tell them that it || is not dirty to sleep [on the grass].e.g. 3 你|| 浪费(越多的) 时间，你就[越容易] 浪费更多的时间。

The more …. The more….The more time you waste, the easier it is to continue wasting time.You waste timeIt is easy for you to continue wasting timeThe more time you waste, the easier It is for you to continue wasting timeIV. 复习建议：1.2.E C1. 准确2. 顺序状语动词3. 错别字4. 卷面V. 练习Translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section) 1. 英译汉Section ADirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.2009Third-hand smoke || is tobacco smoke contamination (that lingers [in carpets, clothes and other materials] [hours or even days] [after a cigarette || is put out]).三手烟，是尼古丁烟雾的污染物，它会在香烟熄灭后的几个小时，甚至几天后依旧残留在地毯，衣服或者其他物品上。

According to a study, a large number of people, [particularly smokers], || have no idea that third-hand smoke is a health hazard for people.According to sth…根据….According to sb…据某人说，Have no idea that = do not know thatSth. is health hazard for sb….某某伤害到某人的健康Junk foods are health hazards for the teenagersEating junk foods is health hazard for …[Of the 1,500 smokers and nonsmokers (surveyed)], the vast majority || agreed that second-hand smoke || is dangerous.Of…., S V…在…. 中The majorityThe majority of sb…Minority认为think that S V 侧重经过了严谨的逻辑思考后得出的看法consider that S V 考虑了事情的环境或者当事人的处境后的看法take into account that S V = considerbelieve that S V 可能没有什么依据，只是凭借信念相信deem that S V = believe 比believe更为虔诚assume that S V 没有太多的理论或者现实依旧，只是猜测argue that S V 有充分的理由表达自己的观点claim that S V 权威机构，官方认为agree that S V….But [whenroom[today] (where people || smoked [yesterday]) || can harm your health,” only 65% of nonsmokers and 43% of smokers answered “yes.”Air in a room today where people smoked yesterday can harm your health今天吸入昨天有人抽过烟的房间里的空气当问他们是否同意一个观点，“昨天有人在房间里吸烟，今天你在房间里呼吸会伤害到你的健康”tips: 表示地点的名词之后(where ….)表示时间的名词之后(when….)e.g.: do you remember the time (when we fall in love)?e.g.: do you remember the little flat (where we used to live)?但是当被问及一个观点“吸入空气房间里的昨天有人在这里吸过烟的可能伤害你的健康_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________2008Engineers || are developing a new type of Internet connection (that S || could carry so much data so quickly it || might surprise even Net surfers).工程师正在研发一种新型的网络连接这种连接能够快速的传输大量的数据这甚至让网络冲浪者吃惊不已….This technology || would open up a route (through which data || can be sent [at speeds (thousands of times faster than what’s possible now).n./pron. (prep. which../ whom S V….)1. 从句中谓语的固定搭配he is the only person (to whom I can speak freely).Speak to sb. Speak of/about….We are confused by the thing of which the news spoke2. 先行词的固定搭配The circumstances （__under__ which the people live）|| help us to know their life-style and habits.Under no circumstancesn./pron. (…. 定语的翻译)speed (thousands of faster than what’s possible now)比较级the degree of comparison原级A || V as adj./adv. as….Be.g.: his face is as black as coal.比较A || V adj./adv + er than Be.g.: the weather in SH is more suitable for living than that in HLJ最高adj./adv + est of/among/in…e.g.: he is the cleverest in the class[If all goes to plan], the vast data speeds || may soon be available to all.There may be the vast data speeds to allS || be available = S || be present = there be Se.g.: the methods are availablee.g.: there are methods. 有办法e.g.: there was a temple in the mountaine.g.: a temple was available in the mountain可以帮助解决如何解决网络交通快速增长的问题My objective and goal are realisticEntertainment and amusement ]The technology || would require but otherwise no change (in basic facilities). infrastructure_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________2007The standardized educational or psychological tests are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees and military personnel. But they have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tools themselves but largely upon the user._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________2006One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the nature habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely.Just as crops are harvested wildlife too must sometimes be “harvested”. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________2005Progress in communication and transport technologies during the 20th century has enabled us to overcome geographical boundaries and revolutionize our way of living. The world is now linked to such an extent that a local happening cannot take place without impacting on the international community.Globalization is not just about increasing the worldwide circulation of information and ideas. Economically speaking, it entails transnational investment and international trade, thereby integrating all countries into a single giant world market. In terms of culture, globalization itself isneither positive nor negative: It may be either of them depending on our viewpoint._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________2. 汉译英Section BDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.2009有朝一日我身为人母，我会带孩子们去野营。